Mode of delivery and short‐term maternal mental health: A follow‐up study in the Danish National Birth Cohort

Skov, Stina Kruse; Hjorth, Sarah; Kirkegaard, Helene; Olsen, Jørn; Nøhr, Ellen Aagaard

doi:10.1002/ijgo.14155

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All 18 studies provided sufficient data to assess the correlation between CS and PPD. Among them, 8 studies ( 22 – 25 , 33 , 35 – 37 ) were adjusted for confounding factors. There were 14 cohort studies and 4 case-control studies, with the sample size ranging from 60 to 511,422 participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, eleven studies ( 11 , 24 , 26 – 30 , 32 , 35 – 37 ) had <10,000 participants, while the remaining seven studies ( 21 – 23 , 25 , 31 , 33 , 34 ) had >10,000 participants. Furthermore, ten studies ( 21 , 23 , 26 , 28 – 31 , 34 , 36 , 37 ) were conducted in Asia, whereas seven studies ( 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 35 ) were carried out in Europe, one studies ( 11 ) were conducted in North America. Additionally, ten studies ( 11 , 23 , 24 , 27 – 30 , 34 , 35 , 37 ) utilized the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure PPD levels, two studies ( 22 , 25 ) deployed the SCL-90, two studies ( 21 , 31 ) adopted the 2010 LNHID, one study ( 26 ) used the CES-D, one study ( 36 ) employed the NHIS-NSC, one study ( 32 ) utilized the BDI, and one study ( 33 ) incorporated the HDR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, ten studies ( 21 , 23 , 26 , 28 – 31 , 34 , 36 , 37 ) were conducted in Asia, whereas seven studies ( 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 35 ) were carried out in Europe, one studies ( 11 ) were conducted in North America. Additionally, ten studies ( 11 , 23 , 24 , 27 – 30 , 34 , 35 , 37 ) utilized the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure PPD levels, two studies ( 22 , 25 ) deployed the SCL-90, two studies ( 21 , 31 ) adopted the 2010 LNHID, one study ( 26 ) used the CES-D, one study ( 36 ) employed the NHIS-NSC, one study ( 32 ) utilized the BDI, and one study ( 33 ) incorporated the HDR. The interventions varied in duration and length across the trials, and the assessment of PPD was conducted between 3 days and 12 months after delivery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of association between caesarean section and postpartum depression risk

Ning,

Deng,

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe association of caesarean section (CS) for postpartum depression (PPD) remains controversial. This study aims to explore the relationship between CS and the risk of PPD, in order to provide a basis for preventing PPD.Material and methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases for literature about the correlation between CS and PPD published as of February 2024. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were obtained by flexible use of fixed-effects models or random-effects models.ResultsA total of 18 publications were ultimately included in the analysis. Among these, 14 were cohort studies and 4 were case-control reports, encompassing 844,328 total cases. All of the included studies were deemed to be of moderate or higher quality. The meta-analysis indicated that the prevalence of PPD among parturients undergoing CS was 13.4% (95% CI: 6.5%-25.5%).The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between CS and PPD was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04-1.20) compared to the natural vaginal delivery (NVD) group. Specifically, the adjusted OR for the association between CS and PPD was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.18-1.40) during the first 1-6 months postpartum, and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.14-1.33) after 6 months postpartum. Furthermore, in comparison to the NVD group, the adjusted OR for elective caesarean section (ELCS) and emergency caesarean section (EMCS) were 0.96 (0.83, 1.10) and 1.20 (1.08, 1.34), respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PPD risk may rise in the presence of CS. In particular, the risk was increased by 20% in the EMCS group, and the risk of PPD within one to six months postpartum after CS increases by 6% compared to that at six months postpartum. In the future, more rational designs and in-depth studies are needed to obtain more accurate information.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023389265.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of association between caesarean section and postpartum depression risk

Ning,

Deng,

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Cesarean birth rates have increased in high‐ and middle‐income countries to a frequency higher than the 10%‐15% recommended by most experts, e.g., 25% in Europe and 32% in Northern America 1 . Although cesarean birth can be a lifesaving intervention, it has been associated with symptoms of emotional distress, 2,3 increased risks of postpartum depression, 4,5 and post‐traumatic stress disorder 6,7 in the short term. Little is known about whether these associations persist in the long term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of birth and long‐term maternal mental health: A follow‐up study in the Danish National Birth Cohort

Hjorth,

Skov,

Kirkegaard

et al. 2023

Birth

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BackgroundCesarean birth has been associated with increased risks of short‐term mental health problems. Little is known about whether these associations persist in the long term. This study aimed to estimate the associations between mode of birth and maternal mental health in midlife while considering mental health before and during pregnancy.MethodsCohort study among mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Birth mode for each woman's entire reproductive history was obtained from Danish national registries. Symptoms of depression and stress in midlife were self‐reported using validated scales. Log binomial regression was used to calculate risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between birth mode and depressive symptoms. Linear regression was used to calculate mean difference in stress score by birth mode.ResultsAmong 42,872 women, 15.5% reported depressive symptoms at follow‐up, where they were, on average, 43.9 years and 11.2 years after their last birth. Compared with women who only ever had spontaneous vaginal births, women who only had cesarean births, or had both cesarean and vaginal births with the last birth by cesarean, reported slightly more symptoms of depression (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01;1.20) and stress (mean difference 0.68 on a 100‐point scale, 95% CI 0.10;1.26).ConclusionWhether due to the birth experience or underlying factors, depression and stress in midlife were more frequent in women with only cesarean births or whose last birth was by cesarean compared with women with vaginal births.

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“…In addition, parental mental health is related to gestational age [ 27 ], with maternal depression increasing the risk of prematurity. Furthermore, parental mental health is related to type of delivery [ 28 ]; women who delivered byemergency cesarean section reported symptoms of depression at 6 months postpartum more frequentlythan women who had given birth naturally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giving Birth in Unpredictable Conditions: Association between Parents’ COVID-19 Related Concerns, Family Functioning, Dyadic Coping, Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms

et al. 2022

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Background: The way postpartum parents’ COVID-19-related concerns are associated with the family environment, support resources and depressive symptoms areunder-investigated. Methods: Two hundred and forty-three new parents (132 mothers, 111 fathers) completed self-report questionnaires within an 8-week period after birth. Parental concerns for COVID-19-related life changes were assessed with the COVID-19 Questionnaire, perceived social support with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, perceived family functioning with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV Package, dyadic coping behaviors with the Dyadic Coping Inventory and maternal/paternal postnatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results: (a) Higher levels of COVID-19-related concerns about daily life were associated with lower levels of family communication, satisfaction and increased depressive symptomatology in both parents, and with lower levels of family functioning in mothers; (b) Maternal health care COVID-19-related concerns were linked with lower levels of family communication, lower perceived social support and with an increase in maternal depressive symptoms; and (c) COVID-19-related concerns about neonate hospitalization were associated with increased maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Τhese findings suggest that COVID-19-related concerns had a common negative effect on both postpartum mothers’ and fathers’ mental health and on certain aspects of family functioning.

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Mode of delivery and short‐term maternal mental health: A follow‐up study in the Danish National Birth Cohort

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Meta-analysis of association between caesarean section and postpartum depression risk

Meta-analysis of association between caesarean section and postpartum depression risk

Mode of birth and long‐term maternal mental health: A follow‐up study in the Danish National Birth Cohort

Giving Birth in Unpredictable Conditions: Association between Parents’ COVID-19 Related Concerns, Family Functioning, Dyadic Coping, Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms

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