Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response

Vogl, SE; Worda, Christof; Egarter, Christian; Bieglmayer, Ch.; Szekeres, Thomas; Huber, Johannes; Husslein, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00865.x

Cited by 174 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Even more, our study points the physiological maternal biochemical and hormonal response to short term fasting performs as a "stability glycemic mechanism", despite the mild "stress" effect observed on the cortisol levels changes. Albeit the wide variability in the hormonal levels reported in the literature and the diurnal rhytms the ma- ternal and umbilical blood levels in our study were comparable with the literature and unaffected by the mode of delivery [21]. Maternal fasting did not result in any hypoglycemic state and was characterized by significantly lower insulin levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Short Term Maternal Fasting on Fetal Biophysical and Neonatal Biochemical Profile - A Pilot Study and a Short Critical Review of the Literature

Grisaru‐Granovsky¹,

Hamudi²,

Samueloff³

et al. 2008

TOWHJ

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Abstract:Aim: To determine the net effect of strict maternal short term fasting on fetal biophysical parameters.Study Design: Prospective observational study among healthy women with a single term fetus, delivered by scheduled cesarean who had strict preoperative fast. Each subject serves as its own control. The Biophysical Profile Score was recorded. Statistics used paired t , non parametric Wilcoxon , McNemar tests (as appropriate) and correlations.Results: Twenty one women were recruited. We found no difference when the separate scoring entities were analyzed in the two maternal states. No correlation was found between maternal -fetal biochemical and hormonal status. All neonates were healthy.Conclusion: Short term fasting in healthy mothers is well tolerated by both the mother and the neonate. Standards need not to be adapted in the assessment of the low risk fetus and glucose containing drinks should not be offered in order to decrease the false positive rate of the biophysical profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Short Term Maternal Fasting on Fetal Biophysical and Neonatal Biochemical Profile - A Pilot Study and a Short Critical Review of the Literature

Grisaru‐Granovsky¹,

Hamudi²,

Samueloff³

et al. 2008

TOWHJ

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“…During VD, stress increases the plasma levels of catecholamines (14)(15)(16) . This increment may also activate the corneal endothelial pump system and result in thinner corneas in vaginally-delivered infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns

Özkurt¹,

Balsak

et al. 2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in newborns during the first 12 h of life. Methods: Forty-three newborns born by vaginal delivery (VD) and 30 newborns born by cesarean section (CS) were evaluated. IOP and CCT were measured using Tono-Pen and handheld pachymeter, respectively, at both the 5 th minute after delivery and at the 12 th h of life. results: The mean IOP for the VD group was significantly higher than that of the CS group at both the 5 th minute and 12 th h (p=0.042 and p=0.018, respectively). In both groups, the IOP decreased by the 12 th h, but the decrease was only significant for the CS group (p=0.020). The decrease in CCT over the 12 h was significant for both groups (p<0.001). In the VD and CS groups, the IOP values of the males were significantly higher than those of the females at the fifth minute only (p=0.024 and p=0.043, respectively). No other values were significantly different between the genders. conclusions: Newborn IOP is affected by the mode of delivery and gender. A higher IOP was found in vaginally delivered newborns than in CS newborns for at least 12 h postpartum. CCT showed a significant decline within 12 h. Male newborns have significantly higher IOP values in the first minutes of life.Keywords: Cesarean section; Delivery, obstetric; Intraocular pressure; Cornea/anatomy & histology; Infant; Newborn RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a pressão intraocular (IOP) e a espessura corneana central (CCT) em recém-nascidos durante as primeiras 12 horas de vida. Método: Quarenta e três recém-nascidos nascidos por parto vaginal (VD) e 30 recém-nascidos nascidos após cesariana (CS) foram avaliados. IOP e CCT foram medidos com Tono-Pen e Handheld Pachymeter no quinto minuto após o parto e na décima segunda hora de vida. Resultados: A média de IOP para o grupo VD foi significativamente maior do que o grupo CS tanto no quinto minuto quanto na décima segunda hora (p=0,042, p=0,018, respectivamente). Em ambos os grupos, a IOP diminuiu na décima segunda hora, mas a redução foi significativa apenas para o grupo CS (p=0,020). A diminuição da CCT nas doze horas foi significativa para ambos os grupos (p<0,001). Nos grupos VD e CS os valores de IOP dos homens foram significativamente maiores do que das mulheres

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“…Results of the majority of these studies suggested a tendency toward increased lymphocyte subset counts in neonates born by vaginal delivery compared with neonates born by caesarean delivery (9 -11,13-16). The endocrine-metabolic variations during a stressful delivery, particularly hypoxia and the increase of catecholamines and cortisol, were considered as the main cause of these effects (17)(18)(19). Additionally to this stress concept, adverse Apgar scores and umbilical cord blood pH, both results of perinatal hypoxia, are thought to influence lymphocyte subset counts at birth (9,20 -22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Stress Influences Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Neonates. The Generation R Study

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT:In the general population, it is unknown whether stress-related perinatal factors influence lymphocyte subset counts in neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of perinatal factors related to stress and hypoxia (mode of delivery, Apgar scores, and umbilical cord blood pH) with absolute lymphocyte subset counts (T, B, NK, helper T, cytotoxic T, naïve, memory T) in cord blood of 571 neonates. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. All models were adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, gender, maternal fever, and each of the other perinatal stress-relating factors. Our results showed that increasing stress-related mode of delivery was positively associated with NK and memory T-lymphocyte subset counts (all p Ͻ 0.01). Effects of Apgar scores on lymphocyte subsets were explained by umbilical cord blood pH. Lower umbilical cord blood pH was associated with higher B, NK, and memory Tlymphocyte counts (all p Ͻ 0.05). Effects of mode of delivery and umbilical cord blood pH on other lymphocyte subsets were not observed. We conclude that, in the general population, lymphocyte subset counts in neonates increase with increasing stress-and hypoxia-related perinatal factors. T he immunologic status of the neonate is frequently established by assessing absolute numbers of various lymphocyte subsets in cord blood (1-4). However, such data at birth must be interpreted with care since the lymphocyte subset counts might be influenced by growth, stress, and hypoxia related events that occur in late prenatal and early postnatal life. It has been suggested that the distribution of lymphocyte subsets is related to gestational age at birth and birth weight (5-8). It is not well known whether other perinatal factors associated with fetal well-being, stress and hypoxia, including mode of delivery, Apgar scores, or umbilical cord blood pH, influence the various lymphocyte subset counts at birth.So far, studies on mode of delivery and lymphocyte subsets remain inconclusive. This might be due to small study populations, the variability of lymphocyte subsets studied, or not taking other possible influencing factors into account (5,6,9 -16). Results of the majority of these studies suggested a tendency toward increased lymphocyte subset counts in neonates born by vaginal delivery compared with neonates born by caesarean delivery (9 -11,13-16). The endocrine-metabolic variations during a stressful delivery, particularly hypoxia and the increase of catecholamines and cortisol, were considered as the main cause of these effects (17-19). Additionally to this stress concept, adverse Apgar scores and umbilical cord blood pH, both results of perinatal hypoxia, are thought to influence lymphocyte subset counts at birth (9,20 -22).We examined in 571 neonates participating in a populationbased prospective cohort study, the associations of perinatal factors related to stress and hypoxia, including mode of delivery, Apgar scores, and umbilical cord blood pH with ...

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Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response

Cited by 174 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Short Term Maternal Fasting on Fetal Biophysical and Neonatal Biochemical Profile - A Pilot Study and a Short Critical Review of the Literature

The Effect of Short Term Maternal Fasting on Fetal Biophysical and Neonatal Biochemical Profile - A Pilot Study and a Short Critical Review of the Literature

The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns

Perinatal Stress Influences Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Neonates. The Generation R Study

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