Mode of delivery, order of birth, parental age gap and autism spectrum disorder among Malaysian children: A case-control study

Galvan, Jo Ann Andoy; Ramalingam, Prabhagari Nair; Ss, Patil; Shobri, Muhammad Aminul Syahmi bin; Chinna, Karuthan; Sahrir, Muhammad Sabri; Chidambaram, Kumarappan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05068

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the risk of ASD was 38% higher in children born by CS than in those born by vaginal delivery in this study. In the literature, there are conflicting reports regarding the association between CS and ASD [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 17 ]. Previous studies and a meta-analysis indicated that CS increased the risk of ASD [ 7 , 11 , 17 ], which is line with the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there are conflicting reports regarding the association between CS and ASD [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 17 ]. Previous studies and a meta-analysis indicated that CS increased the risk of ASD [ 7 , 11 , 17 ], which is line with the findings of the present study. However, the large cohort study by Zhang et al (2021) in Sweden showed no association between CS and ASD [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports regarding the negative effects of CS on several health outcomes such as obesity, allergy, and asthma [ 3 – 5 ]. The mechanisms underlying the link between CS and future health and mental disorders are believed to be early-term birth [ 6 ], altered microbiota [ 3 ], decreased serum oxytocin level [ 7 ], and use of general anesthesia during CS [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

et al. 2023

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Background The long-term effects of a Cesarean section (CS) birth on child neurodevelopment are of increasing interest. In this study, we examined the associations between mode of delivery and presence of neurodevelopmental disorders in toddlers. Moreover, given that the prevalence of several neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to differ by sex, we also investigated these associations separately in male and female toddlers. Methods We investigated 65,701 mother–toddler pairs from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationally representative children’s cohort study. To investigate the associations between mode of delivery (CS or vaginal delivery) and neurodevelopmental disorders (motor delay, intellectual disability, and ASD) in 3-year-old toddlers as a whole and stratified by sex, we used logistic regression models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The morbidity of ASD at age 3 years was higher for children delivered by CS than those delivered vaginally (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.83). However, no such difference was evident in the case of motor delay or intellectual disability (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 0.94–1.89; aOR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.49, respectively). In the analysis by sex, CS was not associated with increased risk of any of the neurodevelopmental disorders in males, but it was associated with increased risks of motor delay (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.02–3.47) and ASD (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.04–3.16) in females. Conclusions This study provides evidence of significant associations between mode of delivery and neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood. Females may be more sensitive to the effects of CS than males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

et al. 2023

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“…The increased risk in the firstborn child may be related to a higher exposure rate to pregnancy and delivery complications such as infections, stress, and inflammation. In contrast, the lower risk of the later-born children may be related to the social support and help provided by the first-born child to the later-born children[ 42 ]. On the other hand, Alvares et al [ 43 ] showed that intelligence scores and adaptive functioning decrease with increasing birth order.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-autism: What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism‎

Al-Beltagi

2023

World J Clin Pediatr

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Autism, also known as an autism spectrum disorder, is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in the first three years of a child's life. A range of symptoms characterizes it and can be diagnosed at any age, including adolescence and adulthood. However, early diagnosis is crucial for effective management, prognosis, and care. Unfortunately, there are no established fetal, prenatal, or newborn screening programs for autism, making early detection difficult. This review aims to shed light on the early detection of autism prenatally, natally, and early in life, during a stage we call as “pre-autism” when typical symptoms are not yet apparent. Some fetal, neonatal, and infant biomarkers may predict an increased risk of autism in the coming baby. By developing a biomarker array, we can create an objective diagnostic tool to diagnose and rank the severity of autism for each patient. These biomarkers could be genetic, immunological, hormonal, metabolic, amino acids, acute phase reactants, neonatal brainstem function biophysical activity, behavioral profile, body measurements, or radiological markers. However, every biomarker has its accuracy and limitations. Several factors can make early detection of autism a real challenge. To improve early detection, we need to overcome various challenges, such as raising community awareness of early signs of autism, improving access to diagnostic tools, reducing the stigma attached to the diagnosis of autism, and addressing various culturally sensitive concepts related to the disorder.

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“…That means the symptoms/disorders occur during the child's growth and development [5], [6]. Parents should be extra focused on accompanying the development of children with ASD [7], [8]. Caring for children with ASD requires energy, time, and a strong enough financial foundation so that children can grow optimally like other normal children [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of AR Technology for The Development of Speech Therapy Applications by Optimizing Marked-Based Tracking Method

Wanti¹,

Somantri²,

Karyati³

2023

KINETIK

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Autism is a developmental disorder that attacks children mentally and causes difficulties in interacting with the social environment. Therapy that can be done to people with autism to deal with communication disorders is speech therapy. Application usage health or better known as mobile health is easy and fast to help users in accessing information about various health problems, one of which is child development or better known as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which was developed using augmented reality (AR) technology. The purpose of the study is to optimizing the marked-based tracking method to augmented reality technology for speech therapy tutorials for children with autism. The results obtained from this study are the SELPY application (Self Autism Therapy) mobile-based speech therapy for people with autism which is a product of the application of appropriate technology in the field of information technology, especially in the health sector. The marked-based tracking method has been successfully implemented in the development of speech therapy AR applications for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is by the results of the tests that have been carried out, namely distance testing and angle testing. The most ideal distance to detect marker/image targets is 40cm to 50cm with a smartphone tilt angle of 200 to 300.

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Mode of delivery, order of birth, parental age gap and autism spectrum disorder among Malaysian children: A case-control study

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Association between Cesarean section and neurodevelopmental disorders in a Japanese birth cohort: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Pre-autism: What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism‎

Utilization of AR Technology for The Development of Speech Therapy Applications by Optimizing Marked-Based Tracking Method

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