Mode of Infection of Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea Caused by <i>Ascochyta rabiei</i>

Pandey, Brijesh; Singh, U. S.; Chaube, H. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1987.tb04387.x

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Fungal penetration occurred through the wall of epidermal cells presumably without invadmg the cells. These findings are in agreement with the observation by PANDEY et al (1987)^ who reported that germ tubes of yl. rabiei penetrate the stem tissues at the juncture of two epidermal cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Histology of Disease Development in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Inoculated with Spores of Ascochyta rabiei

Höhl

Pfautsch

Barz

1990

Journal of Phytopathology

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Histological studies were performed on a compatible and an incompatible interaction between chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants and the fungus Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. The time course of infection, development on leaflets and stems of susceptible (ILC 1929) and resistant (ILC 3279) plants was monitored by light or scanning electron microscopy with the aim to compare histological changes as the basis for further work on biochemical changes in this plant‐pathogen interaction. Spores of A. rabiei began to germinate from 12 hpi on and developed a polar germ tube; fungal colonization, secretion of a mucilaginous exudate and appressoria formation (1–3 dpi) were identical on both cultivars. Leaves of susceptible plants were invaded by the fungus directly through the cuticle, the fungus then spread subepidermally followed by a rapid collapse of the leaf tissue (4–6 dpi). Development of leaf spots and fungal pycnidia could be observed 6–8 dpi. The resistant cultivarrapidly responded (24–48 hpi) to fungal infection and cells of the palisade parenchyma exhibited autofluorescence. In later stages of the infection (4–5 dpi) fluorescent areas developed to small necrotic spots all over the leaflet. These necrotic areas, were the result of cell death and a subsequent change in the leaf structure and were characterized by the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Leaves of the resistant cultivar were invaded by the fungus to less than 5%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Histology of Disease Development in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Inoculated with Spores of Ascochyta rabiei

Höhl

Pfautsch

Barz

1990

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…This agrees with the observations by Hohl et al. (1990) and Heath and Wood (1969), but not those of Pandey et al. (1987) and Dolar (1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Lignified tissue of the resistant cultivar, however, had not been affected by the hyphae. Our results concerning fungal development in the stem of susceptible chickpea plants thus agree with those of Pandey et al. (1987) and Hohl et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Leaves and Stems of Resistant and Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars to Ascochyta rabiei

Ilarslan

Dolar

2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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The histo‐ and cytopathological effects in resistant (ILC‐195) and susceptible (Canitez‐87) chickpea cultivars were examined by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy 3, 5 and 7 days after inoculation (d.a.i) of seedlings with Ascochyta rabiei. The fungus produced typical appressoria that penetrated both cuticle and stomata. The resistant plants had physical barriers and a cuticle layer against fungal penetration 3 d.a.i. The fungus spread intercellularly and subepidermally in the leaves and stems of susceptible plants 3 d.a.i., and was followed 5 d.a.i. by cell plasmolysis, degeneration of organelles and of cellulose, but not lignified, walls. Pycnidia formation occurred between 5 and 7 d.a.i. 7 d.a.i., organelle degeneration, pycnidia formation and symptom severity increased. Tracheidal elements, including lignified elements, were almost intact in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. In the susceptible plants, lignin cell walls were slightly degraded after 7 days. There was less cell degeneration and pycnidia formation in resistant plants. Some electron‐dense large bodies and lipid granules were observed within intracellular fungal hyphae in infected cells of resistant plants 7 d.a.i.

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“…Inside the stem, the pathogen spreads mainly in phloem, but extensive damage occurs in parenchymatous tissues. Nonlignified tissues are completely destroyed, and lignified tissues (particularly xylem tracheary elements) are slightly damaged but remain structurally intact (Ilarslan and Dolar 2002;Pandey et al 1987). The result is yellowing, necrosis, and stem girdling with extensive formation of mature pycnidia near the vascular tissue.…”

Section: Route Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascochyta blight of chickpea: infection and host resistance mechanisms

Jayakumar

Gan

Gossen

et al. 2005

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Ascochyta rabiei (teleomorph Didymella rabiei) is a directly penetrating, necrotrophic fungus that infects all aboveground parts of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). During spore germination and infection, germ tubes secrete a mucilaginous substance to facilitate attachment to the host surface, and the invading fungus produces cell-wall-lytic enzymes to penetrate the host. The pathogen produces several phytotoxins (solanapyrones A, B, and C, cytochalasin D, and a proteinaceous toxin) that seem to be responsible for necrosis and cell death. The pathogen can degrade antimicrobial compounds and suppress their production in chickpea. On the basis of aggressiveness, the population of A. rabiei can be classified into two broad pathotypes: pathotype I (less aggressive) and pathotype II (aggressive). Complete resistance to A. rabiei has not been found in chickpea; the resistance present in superior cultivars used in chickpea production is partial or incomplete. There is a high degree of variation in resistance among chickpea cultivars, and the resistance declines as the plant matures. The symptoms of infection and disease severity follow a quantitative continuum based on aggressiveness of the pathogen, genetic resistance present in the cultivar, and age of the plant. The well-established defense responses in chickpea are cross-linking of cell walls mediated by hydrogen peroxide, production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and thaumatin-like proteins), and accumulation of phytoalexins. However, expression of these induced defense responses does not correlate with pathotype-specific resistance, indicating that other constitutive or unknown components may be involved in providing resistance to aggressive pathotypes. Lack of information about the attribute that makes the pathogen aggressive, as well as inadequate knowledge of pathotype-specific defense mechanisms and the causes for decline in resistance, are major constraints in developing cultivars with durable resistance. 509Résumé : L'Ascochyta rabiei (téléomorphe Didymella rabiei) est un champignon nécrotrophe à pénétration directe, capable d'infecter toutes les parties aériennes du pois chiche (Cicer arietinum). Lors de la germination des spores et de l'infection, les tubes germinatifs sécrètent une substance mucilagineuse qui facilite la fixation à la surface de l'hôte, et le champignon envahisseur produit des enzymes lytiques de la paroi cellulaire pour pénétrer dans l'hôte. Le champignon pathogène produit plusieurs phytotoxines (solanapyrones A, B et C, cytochalasine D et une toxine protéique) qui semblent responsables de la nécrose et de la mort des cellules. Le champignon pathogène peut dégrader des substances antimicrobiennes et inhiber leur production dans le pois chiche. En fonction de l'agressivité, la population de l'A. rabiei peut être classée en deux grands pathotypes : le pathotype I (moins agressif) et le pathotype II (agressif). On n'a pas trouvé de résistance complète à l'A. rabiei dans le pois chiche; la résistance présente c...

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Mode of Infection of Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea Caused by Ascochyta rabiei

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Histology of Disease Development in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Inoculated with Spores of Ascochyta rabiei

Histology of Disease Development in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Inoculated with Spores of Ascochyta rabiei

Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Leaves and Stems of Resistant and Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars to Ascochyta rabiei

Ascochyta blight of chickpea: infection and host resistance mechanisms

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