Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

Butt, Muhammad Ali; Kaźmierczak, Andrzej; Tyszkiewicz, Cuma; Karasiński, Paweł; Piramidowicz, Ryszard

doi:10.3390/s21227452

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The research on the silica-titania platform demonstrates extraordinary attributes such as low-cost WG technology development, low transmission loss, and chemical resistance to oxidation [186]. This opens up the doors for this technology to compete with the existing mainstream integrated photonics platforms, especially in low-volume niche applications such as sensing [187]. The silica-titania PIC technology was designed from the start to be a low-cost option for possible application by SMEs or less-developed research organizations.…”

Section: Future Goals and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past few decades, several methods concerning optical thin films have been established to facilitate the development of integrated optics. This paper provides a brief depiction of different techniques for implementing optical waveguide thin films that involve chemical, physical, and refractive index modification methods. Recent advances in these fabrication methods are also been presented. Most of the methods developed for the realization of the thin-films are quite efficient, but they are expensive and require sophisticated equipment. The major interest of the scientists is to develop simple and cost-effective methods for mass production of optical thin films resulting in the effective commercialization of the waveguide technology. Our research group is focused on developing a silica-titania optical waveguide platform via the sol-gel dip-coating method and implementing active and passive optical elements via the wet etching method. We are also exploring the possibility of using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for patterning these films so that the fabrication process is efficient and economical. The recent developments of this platform are discussed. We believe that silica-titania waveguide technology developed via the sol-gel dip-coating method is highly attractive and economical, such that it can be commercialized for applications such as sensing and optical interconnects.

show abstract

Section: Future Goals and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As part of the HYPHa project, the team is involved in the design and testing of optical elements and systems built on the SiOx: TiOy waveguide layer technology, which includes both passive and active components such as integrated optical filters and optically pumped amplifiers. Based on the technology established in the HYPHa project, the team will also spearhead the effort to build sensory system demonstrations and an integrated optical signal source [7,8].…”

Section: Wroclaw University Of Science and Technology Consortiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For improved light coupling, the etch depth and the filling factor should be changed during the optimization process [13]. Consequently, we have numerically demonstrated refractive index sensing devices based on ring resonator [7], subwavelength grating waveguide (SWG) and 1D-Photonic crystal waveguide (PhC) as shown in Fig. 2 (ac).…”

Section: Wroclaw University Of Science and Technology Consortiummentioning

confidence: 99%

HYPHa project: a low-cost alternative for integrated photonics

Butt

Kaźmierczak²,

Tyszkiewicz³

et al. 2022

Photon.Lett.PL

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, a brief introduction to the Hybrid sensor platforms of integrated photonic systems based on ceramic and polymer materials (HYPHa) is presented. The project's goal is to establish a collaborative effort of institutes specialized in integrated optics. The newly formed group of professionals will be founded on research groups' experience, collaboration, and devotion. We intend to develop a method for combining competencies and a universal material platform for integrated photonics, based on newly validated hybrid materials as part of the project. Silica compounds with additions including TiO2, SnO2, used as structural matrices, polymer coatings with dopants (active or protective layers), organic dyes, and active two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene hybrids, and boron nitride will be the foundation for these materials. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Rola, A. Zajac, M. Czajkowski, A. Szpecht, M. Zdonczyk, M. Smiglak, J. Cybinska, K. Komorowska, "Ionic liquids for active photonics components fabrication", Opt. Mater. 89, 106-111 (2019). CrossRef D. Kowal, K. Rola, J. Cybinska, M. Skorenski, A. Zajac, A. Szpecht, M. Smiglak, S. Drobczynski, K. Ciesiolkiewicz, K. Komorowska, "Fluorescent ionic liquid micro reservoirs fabricated by dual-step E-beam patterning", Mater. Res. Bull. 142, 111434 (2021). CrossRef T. Martynkien, J. Olszewski, M. Szpulak, G. Golojuch, W. Urbanczyk, T. Nasilowski, F. Berghmans, and H. Thienpont, "Experimental investigations of bending loss oscillations in large mode area photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 15, 13547-13556 (2007). CrossRef E. Środa, J. Olszewski, and W. Urbańczyk, "Reducing bend-induced loss and crosstalk in a two-mode ridge waveguide by steplike thickness structuring", Appl. Opt. 61, 1164-1170 (2022). CrossRef P. Karasinski, C. Tyszkiewicz, A. Domanowska, A. Michalewicz, J. Mazur, "Low loss, long time stable sol–gel derived silica–titania waveguide films", Mater. Lett. 143, 5-7 (2015). CrossRef P. Karasinski, C. Tyszkiewicz, A. Maciaga, I.V. Kityk, E. Gondek, "Two-component waveguide SiO2:TiO2 films fabricated by sol–gel technology for optoelectronic applications", J. of Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 26, 2733-2736 (2015). CrossRef M.A. Butt, A. Kazmierczak, C. Tyszkiewicz, P. Karasinski, R. Piramidowicz, "Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications", Sensors 21, 7452 (2021). CrossRef A. Kazmierczak, M. Slowikowski, K. Pavlov, M. Filipiak, M. Vervaeke, C. Tyszkiewicz, H. Ottevaere, R. Piramidowicz, P. Karasinski, "Efficient, low-cost optical coupling mechanism for TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel derived slab waveguide surface grating coupler sensors", Opt. Appl. 50, 539 (2020). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "A highly sensitive design of subwavelength grating double-slot waveguide microring resonator", Laser Phys. Lett. 17, 076201 (2020). CrossRef N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, "Silicon photonic devices realized on refractive index engineered subwavelength grating waveguides-A review", Opt. Laser Technol. 138, 106863 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Recent advances in photonic crystal optical devices: A review", Opt. Laser Technol. 142, 107265 (2021). CrossRef L. Xu, Y. Wang, E. El-Fiky, D. Mao, A. Kumar, Z. Xing, Md. G. Saber, M. Jacques, D.V. Plant, "Compact Broadband Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Multimode Interference Coupler With Internal Photonic Crystal for the SOI Platform", J. Light. Technol. 37, 1231 (2019). CrossRef R. Marchetti, C. Lacava, A. Khokhar, X. Chen, I. Cristiani, D.J. Richardson, G. T. Reed, P. Petropoulos, P. Minzioni, "High-efficiency grating-couplers: demonstration of a new design strategy", Sci. Rep. 7, 16670 (2017). CrossRef

show abstract

“…Because of this, thickness control is important for all thin-film development methods, including sol-gel. It has been reported that the coating speed, angle of inclination, and sol concentration have a major role in determining the ultimate thickness [33,34,35]. In addition, the ultimate heat-treated thickness can also be influenced by the sol viscosity, density, and liquid-vapor surface tension [36].…”

Section: Dip-coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness- A Brief Exploration

Butt¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review, several cost-effective thin-film coating methods which include dip-coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, blade-coating, and roll-coating are presented. Each method has its set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of application. Not all of them are appropriate for large-scale production due to their certain limitations. That is why the coating method should be selected based on the type and size of substrate including the resolution of the required thin-films. The sol-gel method offers several benefits, such as simplicity in fabrication, excellent film uniformity, the capacity to cover surfaces of any size and over vast areas, and a low processing temperature. Nevertheless, these coating methods are somewhat economical and well managed in low-budget laboratories. Moreover, the produced thin-films are homogeneous and have low-surface roughness. Furthermore, some other thin-film deposition methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are also discussed. Since CVD is not restricted to line-of-sight deposition, a characteristic shared by sputtering, evaporation, and other PVD processes, many manufacturing methods favor it. However, these techniques require sophisticated equipment and cleanroom facility. We aim to provide the pros and cons of thin-film coating methods and let the readers decide the suitable technique for their specific application.

show abstract

Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

HYPHa project: a low-cost alternative for integrated photonics

Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness- A Brief Exploration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About