“…To resolve the above issues, this paper is committed to theoretical research on fault diagnosis for the HTC, so as to monitor the running state in real time, identify the faults immediately, and to help to realize a reliable controlling system with the function of fault tolerance. We consider that the model-based methodology [18,19] is effective in fault detection and identification (FDI) for automotive systems, such as the suspension system [20], the hydraulic braking system [21], the steer-by-wire system [22,23], the electrical steering system [24], etc. Among these reports, some specific techniques based on models from the system physical structure, such as parameter estimation, parity equation, observer, cumulative sum (CUSUM), support vector machines (SVM), or probabilistic neural networks (PNN), were employed for fault detection and fault isolation.…”