Model-Based Pre-Ignition Diagnostics in a Race Car Application

Ravaglioli, Vittorio; Bussi, Carlo

doi:10.3390/en12122277

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nowadays, automotive research is focused on developing innovative solutions such as engine downsizing [1][2][3], cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [4,5], water injection [6], and lean mixture operations [7,8], to satisfy both the stringent regulations of pollutant emissions and customer requirements [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Ricci

Petrucci

Cruccolini

et al. 2020

The First World Energies Forum—Current and Future Energy Issues

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Currently, the Radio-Frequency Corona Ignition systems represent an important solution for reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption related to Internal Combustion Engines, while at the same time ensuring high performance. These igniters are able to extend the lean stable limit by increasing the early flame growth speed. Kinetic, thermal, and ionic effects, together with the peculiar configuration of the devices, allow the combustion process to start in a wider region than the one involved with the traditional spark. In this work two corona igniters, namely a Barrier Discharge Igniter and a Corona Streamer Igniter, were tested in a single-cylinder research engine fueled with gasoline at different engine loads in order to investigate the igniters’ performance through indicated analysis and pollutant emissions analysis. For each operating point, the devices’ control parameters were set to ensure maximum energy releasement into the medium with the aim of investigating, at the extreme operating conditions, the capability of the devices to extend the lean stable limit of the engine. The corona igniters were tested on a constant volume calorimeter as well, reproducing the engine pressure conditions at the corresponding ignition timing. The target was to give an estimation of the thermal energy released during the discharge and then to compare their capability to provide high-stability energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Ricci

Petrucci

Cruccolini

et al. 2020

The First World Energies Forum—Current and Future Energy Issues

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This allows a better control of the optimal angular position of the 50% of mass fuel burned, taking under control also the pressure gradient and the value of the maximum pressure and temperature peaks that influence the nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation. The authors believe that the knowledge by means of a black box model of the delay between the start of injection (SOI) of small amount of fuel (so called pilot injection) and its start of combustion (SOC) can represent an important step towards a more robust control strategy with a higher degree of repeatability (14,15). The first part of the paper presents the approach to estimate the delay between the pilot injection and its start of combustion in a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with gasoline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Combustion Delay Model in the Control of Innovative Combustions

et al. 2020

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In modern internal combustion engines the research for innovative solutions aimed at the simultaneous reduction of engine-out pollutants and fuel consumption requires synergies from different application areas: the thermo-fluid dynamic design of the combustion chamber, the study and production of specific components for air and fuel supply, the development of sensors and related methods of analyzing their signals to control the combustion process. The most promising innovative combustion methodologies suitable to achieve high efficiency and low emissions, commonly named Low Temperature Combustions (LTC), usually require sophisticated techniques for the management of the combustion phase. With respect to the combustion angular position control, directly performed in traditional spark ignition engines through the ignition from the spark plug and in compression ignition engines by the timing of fuel injection, the ignition mechanisms of LTC combustions are characterized by a high sensitivity to the thermal conditions of the combustion chamber which greatly modifies the angular position of the combustion, mainly due to the combination of high ignition delays and lean homogeneous mixture. Once the hardware of the air and fuel supply systems has been defined, it is therefore essential to ensure the correct management of the combustion phase. In this paper a model for the estimation of the delay between the start of injection and the start of combustion is presented. The model has been developed analyzing the experimental data from a modified cylinder of a diesel engine, fueled with gasoline, while the other three cylinders were still running with Diesel fuel. This solution represents a first step that allows analyzing the behavior of the combustion of gasoline in a Diesel engine, with the final goal to inject gasoline in all the engine cylinders. In particular, the approach used is similar to the one already applied in a traditional turbocharged gasoline engine, where the goal was to estimate the time delay between the spark firing and the start of combustion, mainly to detect the presence of undesired pre-ignition due to the presence of hot spots related to slightly knocking conditions. As it is well known, the role of the pilot injection is to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection. However, to significantly accelerate the ignition of the fuel injected with the main injection, it is necessary to burn a sufficient quantity of the fuel injected by the pilot before the Top Dead Center position (TDC). The application of this model has to allow the implementation of a feed-forward control to stabilize the whole combustion process and achieve the best conversion efficiency from energy to work, taking into account the operational constraints that must be satisfied to guarantee the integrity of the engine and the compliance with the homologation rules.

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“…This strategy successfully expanded the engine torque by 15%. Ravaglioli et al [33] installed one pressure sensor per cylinder on the Ferrari Formula 1 engines. Based on the combustion information calculated from cylinder pressure, the ignition and injection were adjusted to avoid pre-ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Ion Current/Cylinder Pressure Cooperative Combustion Diagnosis and Control System

et al. 2020

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The application of advanced technologies for engine efficiency improvement and emissions reduction also increase the occurrence possibility of abnormal combustions such as incomplete combustion, misfire, knock or pre-ignition. Novel promising combustion modes, which are basically dominated by chemical reaction kinetics show a major difficulty in combustion control. The challenge in precise combustion control is hard to overcome by the traditional engine map-based control method because it cannot monitor the combustion state of each cycle, hence, real-time cycle-resolved in-cylinder combustion diagnosis and control are required. In the past, cylinder pressure and ion current sensors, as the two most commonly used sensors for in-cylinder combustion diagnosis and control, have enjoyed a seemingly competitive relationship, so all related researches only use one of the sensors. However, these two sensors have their own unique features. In this study, the idea is to combine the information obtained from both sensors. At first, two kinds of ion current detection system are comprehensively introduced and compared at the hardware level and signal level. The most promising variant (the DC-Power ion current detection system) is selected for the subsequent experiments. Then, the concept of ion current/cylinder pressure cooperative combustion diagnosis and control system is illustrated and implemented on the engine prototyping control unit. One application case of employing this system for homogenous charge compression ignition abnormal combustion control and its stability improvement is introduced. The results show that a combination of ion current and cylinder pressure signals can provide richer and also necessary information for combustion control. Finally, ion current and cylinder pressure signals are employed as inputs of artificial neural network (ANN) models for combustion prediction. The results show that the combustion prediction performance is better when the inputs are a combination of both signals, instead of using only one of them. This offline analysis proves the feasibility of using an ANN-based model whose inputs are a combination of ion current and pressure signals for better prediction accuracy.

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Model-Based Pre-Ignition Diagnostics in a Race Car Application

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Development of a Combustion Delay Model in the Control of Innovative Combustions

Development and Application of Ion Current/Cylinder Pressure Cooperative Combustion Diagnosis and Control System

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