Model based process optimization of nanosuspension preparation via wet stirred media milling

Flach, Frederik; Breitung‐Faes, Sandra; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.011

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a grinding process with the mere aim of particle refinement, an optimum stressing intensity exists, resulting in a minimum of energy demand while intensity values below or above the optimum increase the energy demand of the process itself. [ 34,55,64 ] The fundamental physical phenomena of mixing, loading and energy dissipation are the same for all mechanical activation processes in ball mills, [ 65 ] and, similar to chemical kinetics, the process of size reduction and reaction is a rate phenomenon. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 39,47 ] Therefore, milling media in sizes larger than 1 mm should be used for dry processes, while for wet milling experiments even smaller sizes are recommended. [ 55,64 ] Moreover, the higher the density of the milling media, the smaller the media size can be chosen.…”

Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal is to identify the most efficient parameter setting, which does not necessarily correspond to the fastest processing. However, most publications on mechanochemical routes consider the effect of processing parameters and conditions on the conversion time, as the determination of energy input by power draw requires specific measurement systems (e.g., a torque sensor) [ 55,64,105 ] or simulations, [ 34–37 ] which are in most cases not easily accessible.…”

Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

Schlem

Burmeister

Michalowski

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Commercialization of solid‐state batteries requires the upscaling of the material syntheses as well as the mixing of electrode composites containing the solid electrolyte, cathode active materials, binders, and conductive additives. Inspired by recent literature about the tremendous influence of the employed milling and dispersing procedure on the resulting ionic transport properties of solid ionic conductors and the general performance of all solid‐state batteries, in this review, the underlying physical and mechanochemical processes that influence this processing are discussed. By discussing and combining the theoretical backgrounds of mechanical milling with regard to mechanochemical synthesis and dispersing of particles together with a wide range of examples, a better understanding of the critical parameters attached to mechanical milling of solid electrolytes and solid‐state battery components is provided.

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Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Processing Considerations Using Mechanical Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

Schlem

Burmeister

Michalowski

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[ 90 ] Later, such a stress model for stirred media mills was compared to the micro‐hydrodynamic approach to investigate parameter optimization of nano‐suspension preparation via wet stirred media milling. [ 91 ] Further, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/discrete element method (DEM) model were developed at meso‐ and macro‐ scale to focus on the acting forces, stressing probability, grinding media motion and the stressing energy distribution of a stirred media mill, and at micro‐scale to investigate the effect of the drag coefficient and the fracture processes of aggregates with various fractal dimension and solid bond properties. [ 92 ] DEM simulations on an N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) based cathode slurries with 95.5 wt.% LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) and a high mass content (82.5 wt.%) indicated that the minimum particle sizes of CB after long dispersion follow a power‐law function and converge to a reachable end particle size, which is dependent on the acting shear stresses processed in a planetary mixer PMH10 from NETZSCH.…”

Section: Transforming Materials Into Practicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hou

Yang

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Although tremendous efforts have been devoted into research and development of materials science and engineering, chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state physics in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) over the last 30 years, the critical technologies and applied science underneath manufacturing and processing seem very seldom reported, which is further manifested by the realization of the gap between academy and industry within recent years. In this paper, the intrinsic relationship of materials‐processing‐performance is highlighted by thoroughly reviewing the bridge effect of processing, transport, and transfer at different scales across electrode, heterogeneous thermodynamics, and kinetics during charge‐discharge cycles, the tradeoff between areal capacity and rate performance, and some practical novel electrode designs. Based on very limited open literature, the fundamental basics and sciences of the state of art production steps including slurry mixing, coating, drying, calendering, electrolyte filling, and formatting are comprehensively discussed. Through correlating with the materials design and development, the electrode compositions and structures, and the bridge effect of processing, the in‐depth understanding of the importance of individual steps and their interactions are provided to shed light on further improvement on materials and manufacturing for LIBs.

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“…This motion induces many grinding media contacts, resulting in reduction of the product's particle size. The interest in stirred media mills is reflected in a growing body of research, with recent contributions such as [6][7][8][9][10]. Despite the industrial importance, comminution in stirred media mills is a technology that is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Particle-Based Approach for Modeling a Wet Vertical Stirred Media Mill

et al. 2021

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Modeling of wet stirred media mill processes is challenging since it requires the simultaneous modeling of the complex multiphysics in the interactions between grinding media, the moving internal agitator elements, and the grinding fluid. In the present study, a multiphysics model of an HIG5 pilot vertical stirred media mill with a nominal power of 7.5 kW is developed. The model is based on a particle-based coupled solver approach, where the grinding fluid is modeled with the particle finite element method (PFEM), the grinding media are modeled with the discrete element method (DEM), and the mill structure is modeled with the finite element method (FEM). The interactions between the different constituents are treated by loose (or weak) two-way couplings between the PFEM, DEM, and FEM models. Both water and a mineral slurry are used as grinding fluids, and they are modeled as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. In the present work, a novel approach for transferring forces between grinding fluid and grinding media based on the Reynolds number is implemented. This force transfer is realized by specifying the drag coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number. The stirred media mill model is used to predict the mill power consumption, dynamics of both grinding fluid and grinding media, interparticle contacts of the grinding media, and the wear development on the mill structure. The numerical results obtained within the present study show good agreement with experimental measurements.

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Model based process optimization of nanosuspension preparation via wet stirred media milling

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

Transforming Materials into Practical Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries

A Novel Particle-Based Approach for Modeling a Wet Vertical Stirred Media Mill

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