Model based studies of the split D differential eddy current probe

Mooers, Ryan D.; Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.

doi:10.1063/1.4716252

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Considering the advantages associated with the surface differential probes, a growing number of researchers focused on the modelling of this type of configuration. Most of the current works are devoted to numerical modelling and parametric studies of split-D differential probes since the experimental tests may be time-consuming and costly [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. For instance, in the work developed by Mooers et al [15,16], the results obtained from two numerical software packages, namely VIC-3D and EC SIM, were compared with experimental measurements of a split-D probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the current works are devoted to numerical modelling and parametric studies of split-D differential probes since the experimental tests may be time-consuming and costly [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. For instance, in the work developed by Mooers et al [15,16], the results obtained from two numerical software packages, namely VIC-3D and EC SIM, were compared with experimental measurements of a split-D probe. VIC-3D and EC SIM were employed again to conduct a parametric sweep on the dimensions of each constituting component of a split-D probe, and the influence of each parameter on the recorded signals was studied as the probe scanned a notch [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite Element Modelling of a Reflection Differential Split-D Eddy Current Probe Scanning Surface Notches

et al. 2020

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Differential eddy current probes are commonly used to detect shallow surface cracks in conductive materials. In recent years, a growing number of research works on their numerical modelling was conducted since the development of analytical or semi-analytical models for such a sensor may be prone to intractable complications. In this paper finite element modelling (FEM) has been employed to simulate the interaction of a reflection differential split-D probe with surface electrical discharge machined (EDM) notches in 3-dimensional (3-D) half-space. In order to attain a better insight into the correct setup of the FEM parameters, a simple multi-turn cylindrical absolute coil has also been modelled. The outcome generated through the simulated scan of this absolute coil over a surface notch in aluminum is validated with existing experimental impedance data taken from the literature. Parameters contributing to reliable FEM simulation results, such as maximum mesh size, mesh distribution, the extent of the surrounding air domain and conductivity of the air are investigated for the 3-D modelling of both absolute and differential probes. This study shows that the simulation results on a commercial reflection differential split-D surface pencil probe closely estimate the experimental measurements of the probe's impedance variations as it scans three EDM notches having different depths in aluminum. The simulation results, generated by Comsol Multiphysics FEM package (COMSOL I, COMSOL multiphysics reference manual, version 5.3, COMSOL AB, 2018, www.comsol.com), for the cases of absolute and differential probes are checked for their extent of validity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Modelling of a Reflection Differential Split-D Eddy Current Probe Scanning Surface Notches

et al. 2020

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“…The placement of D-shaped receiver coils in the housing and their differential configuration provide a small footprint and high signal to noise ratio. This could be translated into high detection sensitivity for surface cracks, reducing undesirable noises caused by the probe's lift-off and tilt [11,12]. The advantages of using this type of probe configuration become more pronounced when inspecting ferromagnetic materials (e.g., martensitic steels), since the ECT signals detected from these materials could be very noisy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of using this type of probe configuration become more pronounced when inspecting ferromagnetic materials (e.g., martensitic steels), since the ECT signals detected from these materials could be very noisy. Different studies have investigated the performance of split-D probes through model-based approaches [12][13][14][15][16][17], while some others have tried to perform modelbased inversion based on the flaws scanned by the probes [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Automated Eddy Current Detection of Cracks in Steel Plates

Mohseni

Boukani²,

França

et al. 2019

J Nondestruct Eval

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Applying life estimation approaches to determine in-service life of structures and plan the inspection schedules accordingly are becoming acceptable safety design procedures in aerospace. However, these design systems shall be fed with reliable parameters related to material properties, loading conditions and defect characteristics. In this context, the role of nondestructive (NDT) testing reliability is of high importance in detecting and sizing defects. Eddy current test (ECT) is an electromagnetic NDT method frequently used to inspect tiny surface fatigue cracks in sensitive industries. Owing to the new advances in robotic technologies, there is a trend to integrate the ECT into automated systems to perform NDT inspections more efficiently. In fact, ECT can be effectively automated as to increase the coverage, repeatability and scanning speed. The reliability of ECT scanning, however, should be thoroughly investigated and compared to conventional modes of applications to obtain a better understanding of the advantages and shortcomings related to this technique. In this contribution, a series of manual and automated ECT tests are carried out on a set of samples using a split-D reflection differential surface probe. The study investigates the level of noise recorded in each technique and discuss its dependency on different parameters, such as surface roughness and frequency. Afterwards, a description of the effect of crack orientation on ECT signal amplitude is provided through experimental tests and finite element simulations. Finally, the reliability of each ECT technique is investigated by means of probability of detection (POD) curves. POD parameters are then extracted and compared to examine the effect of scanning index, frequency and automation on detection reliability.

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“…From such probe categories, reflection differential split-D probe as a conventional ECT surface probe has served long in nuclear and aerospace industries owing to the spatial configuration of its differentially connected receiver coils. It has a very small footprint, high signal to noise ratio for tiny surface breakings and less sensitivity to gradual variations of both conductivity and permeability as compared to absolute configurations [1,2]. The impedance evaluation for this probe as it scans defective components requires finding a solution to the forward problem developed based on Maxwell's equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System Trained for Sizing Semi-elliptical Notches Scanned by Eddy Currents

2019

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The present study explores the capability of COMSOL Multiphysics, as a finite element modelling (FEM) tool, to model the interaction between a split-D differential surface eddy current (ECT) probe and semi-elliptical surface electrical discharge machined (EDM) notches. The effect of the small probe's lift-off and tilt on its signal is investigated through modelling and subsequently, the simulation outcomes are validated using the probe's impedance measurements. In the next stage, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is designed to take the signal features as inputs and consequently, provide the length of the scanned notch as the system's output. The system is trained by extracted features of thirty model-generated signals obtained from scanning of the same number of semi-elliptical notches by means of the split-D probe. The trained ANFIS is tested afterwards using the measured signals of 3 calibration EDM notches together with 5 model-based ones. A very low average estimation error is observed with regard to the length estimation of the test notches and the accuracy of the length estimation is found to be quite reasonable.

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Model based studies of the split D differential eddy current probe

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Finite Element Modelling of a Reflection Differential Split-D Eddy Current Probe Scanning Surface Notches

Finite Element Modelling of a Reflection Differential Split-D Eddy Current Probe Scanning Surface Notches

A Study of the Automated Eddy Current Detection of Cracks in Steel Plates

Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System Trained for Sizing Semi-elliptical Notches Scanned by Eddy Currents

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