Model development for the design of an anaerobic upflow filter separated in two and three phases

Abstract

In this study, the development of models for the design of an anaerobic upflow filters separated into two and three phases are presented, DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS. Both reactors have been evaluated in the COD removal performance on a total of 54 tests. The experimentalfactors are the volumetric organic load, the temperature and the depth relationship between two consective phases. The conceptual modelis based on equations derived from a mass balance under stationary conditions dS/dt = 0 and advectives dS/dZ ≠ 0; eight equationsapplicable to the DI-FAFS and TRI-FAFS reactors; four equations for each reactor.The equations to obtain the parameters of degradationof organic matter were compared with bibliographic references. Two models were selected and proposed, after adjusted to observationswith R2 adjusted greater than 0.7 and with standard errors of estimation and the absolute average error in the minimum values.

Novel hybrid models for the design of upflow anaerobic filters separated in phases

“…The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of the articles by Maldonado et al. (2017, 2018a, 2018b).…”

“…The exponent $$n$$ resulted in a positive parameter, ranging between 0 and 1 (Exhibits 4 and 7). The $${\rm{HRT}}$$ was estimated from Monod's equation, assuming a steady state (Metcalf & Eddy, 1991), as well as the configured VOLs corresponded to a small variation range (2–4.64 kg/m 3 ‐day) that can be considered into the low VOLs (Maldonado et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2020; Young & McCarty, 1969).…”

“…The residual liquid temperature parameter $$( A )$$ (Exhibits 4 and 7), included in equations (11)–(12), (15)–(16), resulted in values similar to those reported by Howland (1958), obtained from the Vant'Hoff's equation (Vant'Hoff, 1884). Anaerobic reactors have been experimentally proved, establishing two temperatures associated with psychrophilic (−10°C to −30°C) and mesophilic (20°C–50°C) microorganisms (Jeris, 1983; Maldonado et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2020; Márquez et al., 2020), finding that the COD removal efficiency was increased from 60%–70% (psychrophilic) to 70%–95% (mesophilic). Temperature is one of the most important factors influencing the activity and survival of microorganisms (Álvarez & Guevara, 2003; Guevara, 2016).…”

“…In this investigation, the UAF‐2SS and UAF‐3SS reactors were designed and evaluated to treat the leachate generated from the El Guayabal sanitary landfill located in Colombia. The leachate from the sanitary landfill was characterized in its composition, finding COD (6,440–12,100 mg/L), as well as recalcitrant and inhibitory substances, such as heavy metals (chromium, 0.54–0.94 mg/L; lead, 0.1–1.21 mg/L; zinc, 0.05–1.02 mg/L) and metal halides (Maldonado et al., 2017; Maldonado‐Maldonado et al., 2018a, 2020). The maximum permissible limits in specific discharges to surface water bodies were established according to decree No.…”

An approach to models for transport and transformation of organochlorine pesticides in rivers

“…Monod's kinetics (Monod, 1949) are widely used to characterize the biodegradation rates of organic contaminants. This expression has been successfully used to describe the rate of removal of organic compounds in laboratory studies where the domestic and industrial wastewater were the sole source of carbon and energy (Freytez et al., 2019; Maldonado et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2020, 2021; Márquez et al., 2020). For instance, for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in an upflow anaerobic filter in two (UAF‐2SS) and three separate (UAF‐3SS) stages, the kinetic parameter$$\;k$$, associated with the maximum substrate utilization rate, varied between 0.04 and 0.83 mg COD/mg biomass‐day for low Volumetric Organic Loads (2–4.64 kg COD/m 3 ‐day) and between 0.52 and 7.12 mg COD/mg biomass‐day, respectively (Maldonado et al., 2021).…”