Model development of healthy‐lifestyle behaviors for rural Muslim Indonesians with hypertension: A qualitative study

Abstract

Hypertension is a significant health issue in Indonesia. Health professionals in a rural district of West Java identified hypertension as a priority health issue. In this study, we describe healthy-lifestyle behaviors as perceived by the district's middle-aged Muslims with hypertension. A qualitative case-study design was used. Twelve married couples, directly or indirectly impacted by hypertension, and who visited community health centers, were purposively recruited. Semistructured interviews provided data that were systematically analyzed for categories and subcategories. Categories of healthy-lifestyle behaviors currently practiced were eating behavior, physical activity, resting, not smoking, managing stress, seeking health information, seeking health care, caring other people, and fulfilling an obligation to God. Categories of reasons for practicing healthy-lifestyle behaviors were behavioral beliefs, competence, religious support, prior experience, social support, and health system support. Categories for not practicing healthy-lifestyle behaviors were personal, social, and environmental barriers. To achieve healthy-lifestyle behavior changes, it is essential for rural middle-aged Muslim individuals to be supported by reinforcing their positive reasons and to address their negative reasons to practice healthy-lifestyle behaviors.

How is Indonesia coping with its epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases? A systematic review with meta-analysis

“…However, while there has been a steady increase in citations using quantitative methods since 2000, it is only in recent years (2010 onwards) that qualitative studies on NCDs have emerged. Of the 130 included citations, nine used qualitative research designs [52, 59, 74, 77, 88, 92, 93, 100, 117], two utilized mixed methodologies [47, 113], and seven focused on the project design or evaluation of risk factor interventions or NCD prevention [30, 51, 57, 61, 65, 78, 86]. Ten of the citations were based on gray reports [134–143].…”

“…Seventy-three citations focused on behavioral (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet) and biological (overweight/obesity, hypertension) risk factors for NCDs [14, 15, 18–24, 26–29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 40, 42–50, 53, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67–71, 79, 80, 84, 85, 89, 96–99, 101, 102, 104, 111, 112, 117, 119, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128–140, 142, 143, 155]. …”

“…A total of seven studies focused on blood pressure among varying populations such as urban women [104], rural adults [50], and overweight and normal-weight elderly people [31], and among people without anti-hypertensive medication [24]. Three studies focused on risk factors and social determinants for hypertension [117, 126, 128]. We identified ten studies that focused on several of the above-mentioned behavioral and biological risk factors and their association with NCDs such as stroke [22], coronary heart disease [122, 133], myocardial infarction [23], impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes [43, 60, 70, 96, 130, 131].…”

“…About the same proportion of studies contained information on people’s place of residence such as whether they reside in rural or urban areas or the province in which they live [14, 17, 20, 28, 31, 32, 35, 46, 61, 66, 68, 71, 72, 76–79, 81, 84, 88, 93, 95, 99, 100, 102, 111, 114, 122, 124–128, 134, 137, 138, 140, 142]. Despite the fact that Indonesia is home to a great number of indigenous and spiritual groups, ethnicity [21, 64, 72, 83, 89, 104, 131, 133, 135, 136] and religion [32, 38, 101, 104, 117] were less frequently applied in analyses. Only a few recent studies adjusted their analyses for access to healthcare-related factors such as access to services or insurance status [60, 63, 75, 83, 87, 88, 91, 92, 95, 133].…”

Development of the salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance program in Indonesia

“…Hypertension is common among older people in Indonesia, and is a critical health concern (Mizutani et al, 2016). Hypertension is the seventh leading cause of mortality in older people in Indonesia, and half of older people visiting outpatient clinics do so for hypertension (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2013a).…”