Model for Cryogenic Flashing LNG Leak

Abstract

The growth of liquefied natural gas (LNG)’s importance for curbing greenhouse gas emissions has increased the interest in understanding LNG’s risks, particularly regarding small-diameter leaks (<25 mm). Recently, INERIS performed a series of pressurized LNG release experiments for orifice sizes of up to 9 mm. Based on INERIS findings and the Isenthalpic Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM), this paper created a leak model for flashing LNG leak. The leak model consists of nine equations and quantifies leak parameters for risk assessment. One potential use of this leak model is providing an equivalent leak boundary condition for computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation to predict gas dispersion. Using the leak model as input, FLACS gas dispersion simulation was carried out for one INERIS experiment leak case. Compared to TR56, the Singapore safety guideline for LNG bunkering, the dispersion result does not contradict the expected plume reach. Further validation with risk analysis tools and actual experiments is needed to confirm that the leak model is fit for use.

Consequence Analysis of Accidental LNG Release on the Collided Structure of 500 cbm LNG Bunkering Ship

“…This decelerated dissipation of the gas cloud. Because the LNG had not yet vaporized in the entrainment zone, the gas accumulation caused a rainout [43,63]. Figure 17 shows the typical gas cloud formation for leakages both from the valve and pipe.…”

A Systematic Algorithm to Compute Hazardous Area Extent for Two-Phase Releases Based on an Improved Low-Dimensional (Simple) Dispersion Model

“…The authors evaluated the extent and volume of methane, propane and hydrogen leaks using a CFD model and showed that these parameters, as well as the type of zone, were substantially influenced by wind speed. Lim and Ng [21] built a model to predict flashing leaks of liquefied natural gas. The leak model consisted of nine equations and quantified leak parameters for risk assessment.…”

Human Error Probability Assessment for LNG Bunkering Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network-CREAM Model

“…Some research studies have been conducted regarding the risks of LNG bunkering. These have mainly focused on the following three aspects: (1) safety zone evaluation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], (2) risk assessment methodology and practice [23][24][25][26][27], and (3) emergency evacuation assessment [27,28]. Even though these studies have improved our understanding of LNG bunkering safety, none has quantified human errors in LNG bunkering.…”

“…Some research studies have been conducted regarding the risks of LNG bunkering. These have mainly focused on the following three aspects: (1) safety zone evaluation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22],…”