Model for Predictive Analysis of the Concentration of Phosphorus Removed during Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore in Sulphuric Acid Solution

Nwoye, C. I.; Ndlu, S.

doi:10.4236/jmmce.2009.84023

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…(11,8) showing densely entangled network. It is a documented fact that obtaining separated SWCNTs during CVD synthesis has not being thermodynamically feasible, due to their high polarization and smooth surface which causes strong van der Waal's interaction (~ 500 eV) and π-π intertube stacking, resulting to formation of large agglomerated bundles and ropes [21][22]. Additionally, the carbide moieties may have polymerized over the sample SWCNTs, as shown in their TEM image of Figure 6, which may also increase the surface tension and therefore the hydrophobicity of the as-grown SWCNTs which resulted in poor dispersion of the sample [7].…”

Section: Analysis Of Swcnt (11 8) Figure 3 X-rd Profile Of Swcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Synthesis and Characterization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (11, 8)

Zuru¹

2019

IJMSA

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Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are attractive in the nanotechnology industry where they find applications in the field of pharmacy and medicine due to high surface area capable of transporting drugs and vaccines to active sites; for fabrication of energy storing devices due to excellent electrical conductivity and accessible pore sizes; in transport for the fabrication of strong and lightweight vehicle and aircraft parts and in composite materials to enhance physical and chemical properties such as toughness, durability, conductivity and strength. The most efficient and cost effective method of obtaining these precious materials is the Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), however, obtaining SWCNTs of desired electronic type via this method, has remained a global challenge for over 20 years. This has limited the availability of these products in the global research and technological industries, contributing to the problem of lack of raw materials to sustain them. In this report, metallic SWCNTs (11, 8) are selectively synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, by the pyrolysis of C 6 H 14 /N 2 feedstock on Fe 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst matrix. Catalyst design and preparation was achieved by correlating the numerical magnitudes of chiral index (n, m) of the desired SWCNTs with mole fractions of metal/support, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals densely entangled tubular bundles, while high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms rigid arrangements of SWCNTs in the bundles. Values of the radial breathing modes, diameter and energy band gaps of the sample obtained from Raman analysis conforms to that of SWCNTs (11, 8), established via Extended Tight Binding (ETB) model. Outcome of this report suggested that our catalyst design and preparation may help alleviate the stated global challenge.

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Section: Analysis Of Swcnt (11 8) Figure 3 X-rd Profile Of Swcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Synthesis and Characterization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (11, 8)

Zuru¹

2019

IJMSA

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“…Studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] have shown that the phosphorus content of steel products can be reduced during the early stage processing of the iron oxide ore (primary raw material) through hydrometallurgy. This involves leaching out phosphorus (from the ore) and invariably dissolving it in the leaching solution used, which in most cases are acids, while the residue is now dried and used as enhanced concentrate for steelmaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Quantitative Evaluation and Prediction of the Concentration of Phosphorus Removed during Pyro-Hydro Beneficiation of Haematite

Nwoye¹,

Menkiti²,

Obidiegwu³

et al. 2011

JMMCE

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This paper presents a model derived for quantitative evaluation and prediction of the concentration of phosphorus removed during pyro-hydro beneficiation of iron oxide ore. Potassium hydroxide was used as the leaching solution and the reaction vessel containing the solution and ore was heated at a temperature of 600 0 C for 10 minutes. The results of the investigation indicates that the model; P = (e 0.7827) S predicts the concentration of phosphorus removed, based on the concentration of sulphur simultaneously removed. It was observed that the validity of the model is rooted in the expression lnP = lnN + lnS where both sides of the expression are approximately equal to 4. The maximum deviation of the model-predicted concentration of removed phosphorus from the corresponding concentration obtained from the experiment was less than 3%. The concentrations of phosphorus removed per unit mass-input of iron oxide ore as obtained from experiment and derived model are 0.8917 and 1.0354 mg/kg g-1 respectively. Similarly, the concentrations of phosphorus removed per unit concentration of removed sulphur as obtained from experiment and derived model are 1.8838 and 2.1874 mg/kg (mg/kg)-1 respectively. This implies that the concentration of phosphorus removed is approximately equal to the concentration of simultaneously removed sulphur during the beneficiation process.

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“…Similar acid leaching of iron oxide ore to remove phosphorus, and computational analysis of generated experimental results 10 using a derived model; A process assessment model 11 clearly predicted the quantity of removed phosphorus P, during sulfuric acid leaching of iron oxide ore, based on the combined influence of the initial and final leaching solution pHs on the leaching process ( Table 3) …”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This formed the basis for several attempts already made to reduce the concentration of phosphorus inherent in iron oxide ores designated for production of engineering materials and orthopedic devices. Successful efforts have been made [8][9][10][11][12] to clearly ascertain the possibility of quantifying the extent of phosphorus removal during processing of iron oxide ore, based on synergistic interaction between some process parameters.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

ATROA

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Studies1-4 have not only shown that metallic ion release occurs in vivo, but also presence of soluble and precipitated corrosion products, as well as metallic wear debris, in the liver, spleen, lungs, and even remote bone marrow of the iliac crest. Reports from these studies indicate that constant motion of the metal-on-metal prosthesis causes a wearing away of the passivated surface and an increase in metallic ion release. Research5 on the most important metal components used in orthopedic implant devices such as titanium reveals that they are considered due to possession of reliable mechanical performance as replacement for hard tissues, favorable properties of high rigidity, fracture toughness and strength. The research also identifies major examples of titanium implants used in orthopedics to include prosthetic hip and knee replacements for various types of spinal fusion instruments for stabilizing degenerate and unstable vertebral segments, fracture fixation devices of such as plates, screws and intramedullary rods as well as arthritis affecting these joints.Some orthopedics devices are made from stainless steel which is invariably a product of iron ore (concentrate) reduction and refining in the metallurgical industries, followed by addition of some alloying elements. Report 6 has shown that steel from which stainless steel is produced is chiefly made up of iron, carbon and also impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus etc. Research 7 has shown that application of stainless steel in biomedical engineering is restricted to temporary devices such as plates, screws, wires and fittings for orthopedics due to potential long term release of Cr 6+ , Cr 3+, and Ni 2+ into the body (Figure 1-4).Presence of high phosphorus concentration in iron (above admissible level) designated for production of engineering materials enhances embrittlement when these materials are placed to strive under service conditions. Phosphorus is very poisonous. Therefore, usage of iron with high phosphorus content for production of stainless steel used in the manufacture of orthopedic devices endangers the health of the patient. This culminates from risk of steel fracture (due to embrittleness) and phosphorus ion release into some body fluids. This formed the basis for several attempts already made to reduce the concentration of phosphorus inherent in iron oxide ores designated for production of engineering materials and orthopedic devices. Review of models and variables affecting phosphorus removal during processing of iron ores designated for production of orthopedics devices AbstractA review has been carried out to show models and variables affecting phosphorus removal during processing of iron ores (in acid solution) designated for production of orthopedics devices. Review of literatures show that the level of phosphorus removal during iron ore processing in acid solutions is largely dependent on the initial and / or final pH of the leaching solution. A decrease in the final solution pH is indicative of increased phosphorus removal and ...

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Model for Predictive Analysis of the Concentration of Phosphorus Removed during Leaching of Iron Oxide Ore in Sulphuric Acid Solution

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Selective Synthesis and Characterization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (11, 8)

Selective Synthesis and Characterization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (11, 8)

Model for Quantitative Evaluation and Prediction of the Concentration of Phosphorus Removed during Pyro-Hydro Beneficiation of Haematite

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