Model for the prediction of potato impact damage depth

Abstract

A model was developed to predict the impact damage depth of potato. The model consisted of a series of differential equations derived from the force equilibrium on a differential element, which, respectively, governs the relationships among the potato collision displacement and initial collision speed, natural angular frequency of undamped system, and damping ratio. For the collision displacement of potato impact with the rod, the study used the impact test rig and acceleration acquisition system to measure the corresponding values under different experimental conditions. Combined with the determinate experimental data, the mentioned parameters of the model were obtained. According to the model, the obtained maximum value of potato collision displacement was treated as the prediction value of damage depth. The results showed both the experimental values and prediction values of potato damage depth increased with the increment of initial height, and the difference between experimental values and prediction values was less than 8.8%. To evaluate the significant factor of impact damage depth of potato, this study selected the tuber temperature, initial height, tuber mass, and impact material as experiment factors in the orthogonal tests and the order of influencing factors was found to be as follows: initial height > tuber mass > tuber temperature > impact material.

Experimental study on collision acceleration and damage characteristics of potato

“…These were manually obtained from crop planting base of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Subsequently, the samples were washed in cold water and then sorted into four groups based on the masses of 150 ± 5 g, 250 ± 5 g, 350 ± 5 g, and 450 ± 5 g. Finally, all of potatoes were stored at the fridge and to produce potato samples at 5 C, 15 C, and 23 C (Xie et al, 2018).…”

“…Usually, these adopted experimental instruments included pendulum collision device, free drop collision device, electronic potato, instrumented sphere and acceleration measuring unit (Canneyt, Tijskens, Ramon, Verschoore, & Sonck, 2004;D anil a, 2015;D anil a & Gaceu, 2010;Geyer et al, 2009;Guo, Wang, Li, Chen, & Li, 2016;Hyde, Brown, Timm, & Zhang, 1992;Mathew & Hyde, 1997;Molema, Verwijs, Berg, & Breteler, 1997;Nikara, Ahmadi, & Nia, 2018;Rady & Soliman, 2015;Strehmel et al, 2010). At the same time, various influence factors on potato impact damage also were published, which mainly consisted of specific tuber properties (tuber mass, potato variety, tuber shape, specific gravity), collision states(drop height, impact material, impact number, impact angle), storage conditions such as temperature and cultivation conditions (Baritelle & Hyde, 2003;Ito, Sakai, Hata, & Takai, 1994;Johnston & Wilson, 1969;Koch, Naumann, & Pawelzik, 2019;Mathew & Hyde, 1997;Molema et al, 1997;Xie, Wang, & Deng, 2018). As for the main indexes of impact evaluation, it generally contained collision pressure, impact acceleration, injury criterion (damage volume and depth), and respiratory rate (Baritelle & Hyde, 2003;D anil a, 2015;D anil a & Gaceu, 2010;Geyer et al, 2009;Mathew & Hyde, 1997;Molema et al, 1997;Rady & Soliman, 2015).…”

Impact peak force measurement of potato

“…Impact damage to potatoes is a common phenomenon during harvesting and post-harvesting operations. [1][2][3] It has been reported that 70% of the damage to potatoes is caused by harvesting, and impact and pressure are the main causes. [4] Mechanical damage and collision abrasion seriously affect potato yield and cause a dual decline of potato appearance and quality that affect the development of the entire potato industry.…”

“…In the field of experimental research, some researchers have used pendulum devices to study potato impact problems. Xie [1] established a potato impact damage depth model using a single pendulum impact device and found the order of influencing factors that affect the impact damage depth through orthogonal experiments. Some researchers used a pendulum impact device to study the potato impact response with different tuber temperatures, initial heights, and impact materials and described the equation of the shape and volume of the bruise spots.…”

“…The main research contents were the influencing factors of potato impact damage and the evaluation indexes after potato injury, such as drop height, potato mass, potato tuber temperature, collision material, potato variety, cultivation conditions, collision pressure, impact acceleration, potato damage volume, damage area, damage depth, and respiratory rate. [1] In the research of potato collision tests, the measurement of impact force was usually obtained by force sensors [16,17] or by the signal measured by acceleration sensors. [9,14,15,18] There has been no research on direct force measurements by impact hammers.…”