Model-Free Undetectable Attacks on Linear Systems Using LWE-Based Encryption

Alisic, Rijad; Kim, Junsoo

doi:10.1109/lcsys.2023.3234004

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To implement (10) over (Z, +, ×), recall that its state matrix F k ∈ R n×n needs to be converted to integers. Assuming that now re-encryption of u(t) is available at t = 0, k, 2k, .…”

Section: B Methods For Intermittent Re-encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Method for Running Dynamic Systems over Encrypted Data for Infinite Time Horizon without Bootstrapping and Re-encryption

Kim

Shim

Johansson

2021

2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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Homomorphic encryption (HE) applied to a networked controller enables secure operation, but in most cases it allows for addition and multiplication over integers only, because of computation efficiency. Several related results deal with such constraints by means of re-encrypted controller output, based on which the controller can be re-constructed and operate over integers. This paper presents two modified methods based on the output re-encryption, which will further reduce the required communication effort and computational burden, respectively.

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“…To implement (10) over (Z, +, ×), recall that its state matrix F k ∈ R n×n needs to be converted to integers. Assuming that now re-encryption of u(t) is available at t = 0, k, 2k, .…”

Section: B Methods For Intermittent Re-encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stability of such dynamic systems having state matrix as integers has been studied in [8]. Furthermore, the limitation on operation with HE has also been considered and handled; in data-driven methods [9], [10], protocols for privacy in multi-agent systems This paper is supported by Seoul National University of Science and Technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Running Dynamic Systems over Encrypted Data for Infinite Time Horizon without Bootstrapping and Re-encryption

Kim

Shim

Johansson

2021

2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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“…However, the homomorphic encryption used by an encrypted control system has a vulnerability called malleability [52]. Attacks that exploit malleability are difficult to detect because they do not produce white noise and thus can cause serious damage to encrypted control systems [53][54][55].…”

Section: Conventional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attack detection method for encrypted wave‐variable‐based bilateral control systems

Miyazaki,

Shono,

Teranishi

et al. 2024

IET Control Theory & Appl

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This study presents an energy‐based attack detection method involving an encrypted bilateral control system using wave variables. In the considered bilateral control system, the leader and follower receive the follower's force information and the leader's velocity information, respectively, through the wave variables. The considered attack model multiplies the wave variables by an attack parameter, which is possible due to the malleability of the encryption scheme. The bilateral control system will be destabilized if the attacker chooses a relatively large parameter value. This motivates in developing a passivity observer for each leader and follower side to compute the total energy and constructing an energy‐based detection method that can be incorporated into the encrypted bilateral control system and is summarized in the presented theorem. Furthermore, this study provides a specific design for reasonable threshold parameters concerning the control system energy. The theorem and the experimental validation confirm that the developed encrypted wave‐variable‐based bilateral control system with the proposed attack detector is secure and effective as a countermeasure against malleability‐based attacks.

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“…The falsification attack detection is inherited from the feature that allows the decryption and evaluation algorithms of the underlying KH-PKE scheme to output an error symbol when tampering occurs. The proposed encrypted control system benefits from the feature that enables the identification of attacked components within signals and control parameters, which constitutes a significant advantage over the conventional studies [10], [11], [12], [13], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Moreover, a novel efficient quantizer is presented for constructing the encrypted control system, which is developed by modifying a conventional quantizer [16].…”

Section: A Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, encrypted control systems using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) [24], which can perform both addition and multiplication, have been proposed [12]. Some recent studies have considered encrypted control systems using AHE or leveled FHE based on learning with errors [20], [21]. Only the signal of the control system is encrypted when using AHE, whereas MHE and FHE enable the encryption of signals and controller parameters.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersecurity-Enhanced Encrypted Control System Using Keyed-Homomorphic Public Key Encryption

et al. 2023

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Encrypted control systems are secure control methods that use the cryptographic properties of a specific homomorphic encryption scheme. This study proposes a cyberattack-detectable encrypted control system and validates its effectiveness using a proportional integration derivative (PID) positioncontrol system for an industrial motor. The proposed encrypted control system uses a keyed-homomorphic public-key encryption scheme for real-time detection of cyberattacks, such as signal and control parameter falsification. Additionally, a novel quantizer is presented to reduce the computation cost and quantizationerror effects on control performance. The quantizer demonstrated a significant improvement, reducing the computation time by 47.3 % compared to using our previous quantizer, and decreasing the quantization-error effect by 30.6 % compared to a widely-used gain-multiplying quantizer. Moreover, this study establishes conditions through a theorem to avoid an overflow in the proposed control system. Experimental validation confirms that the proposed control system effectively conceals the control operation, and the presented theorem aids in designing the quantization gains to prevent overflows. Notably, the results of falsification attack tests highlight that the proposed control system enables real-time detection of attacked components within control parameters and signals, representing a significant advantage of this study.

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Model-Free Undetectable Attacks on Linear Systems Using LWE-Based Encryption

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Method for Running Dynamic Systems over Encrypted Data for Infinite Time Horizon without Bootstrapping and Re-encryption

Method for Running Dynamic Systems over Encrypted Data for Infinite Time Horizon without Bootstrapping and Re-encryption

Attack detection method for encrypted wave‐variable‐based bilateral control systems

Cybersecurity-Enhanced Encrypted Control System Using Keyed-Homomorphic Public Key Encryption

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