Model life table for captive chimpanzees

Dyke, Bennett; Gage, Timothy B.; Alford, P. L.; Swenson, Brent; Williams‐Blangero, Sarah

doi:10.1002/ajp.1350370104

Cited by 65 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The first prediction of Hawkes et al (1998) Promislow (1991) for a wide variety of species, including macaques and chimpanzees, Dunbar (1984) for gelada baboons, Dyke et al (1995) for captive chimpanzees, Gage and Dyke (1998) for captive macaques and baboons, and Dyke et al (1993) for captive populations of New World monkeys. 3 The confounding errors arise out of five key assumptions in phylogenetic methods: the ancestral state of the trait is known; the rate of change in the trait is constant, is known, or can be estimated; the branch lengths along which the trait changes are known or can be estimated; phylogenies are tree-shaped; and the true tree can be found with some probability of certainty (Hamdi et al, 1999;Harvey and Pagel, 1991;Ricklefs and Starck, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandmother hypothesis and primate life histories

Alvarez

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

151

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The adaptive significance of midlife menopause in human females has long engaged the attention of evolutionary anthropologists. In spite of extensive debate, the problem has only recently been examined in the context of primate life histories. Here I extend those investigations by comparing life history traits in 16 primate species to test predictions generated from life history theory. In humans, late ages of maturity and higher than expected birth rates are systematically associated with extended postmenopausal longevity. Links among these adjustments on the primate pattern can explain how selection could slow somatic senescence without favoring extension of the fertile span. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that our fertile spans are similar to those of other pongids. The shape of the argument herein demonstrates the utility of life history theory for solving problems of adaptive evolution in female life history traits, with consequences for broader arguments regarding human evolution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandmother hypothesis and primate life histories

Alvarez

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

151

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“…1 B and C and Gage et al (18) for chimpanzees]. In chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), there also are data from natural populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting and survival in anthropoid primates: Caretakers live longer

Allman

Rosin

Kumar

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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Most anthropoid primates are slow to develop, their offspring are mostly single births, and the interbirth intervals are long. To maintain a stable population, parents must live long enough to sustain the serial production of a sufficient number of young to replace themselves while allowing for the death of offspring before they can reproduce. However, in many species there is a large differential between the sexes in the care provided to offspring. Therefore, we hypothesize that in slowly developing species with single births, the sex that bears the greater burden in the care of offspring will tend to survive longer. Males are incapable of gestating infants and lactating, but in several species fathers carry their offspring for long periods. We predict that females tend to live longer than males in the species where the mother does most or all of the care of offspring, that there is no difference in survival between the sexes in species in which both parents participate about equally in infant care, and that in the species where the father does a greater amount of care than the mother, males tend to live longer. The hypothesis is supported by survival data for males and females in anthropoid primate species.

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“…Interbirth intervals are similarly reduced among captive mothers to approximately 3.5-4.5 years between mother-reared, surviving offspring [Coe et al, 1979;Courtenay, 1987;Tutin, 1994]. Curiously, while longevity is increased by about 10 years in captivity [Dyke et al, 1995], female chimpanzees in at least some captive populations experience early reproductive termination [Videan et al, 2006, but see: Herndon & Lacreuse, 2009. It is not clear whether this is due to a true menopausal process or to reproductive tract pathologies arising from abnormal breeding practices [Hermes et al, 2004[Hermes et al, , 2006 and/or induced exposure to pathogens during the biomedical experimentation that many captive chimpanzees have experienced.…”

Section: Life History Variation In Chimpanzeesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reproductive Ecology of Female Chimpanzees

Thompson

2012

American J Primatol

104

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An important adaptive problem for mammals in general, and primates in particular, is how females can manage the high costs of reproduction in the face of fluctuating energetic supplies. For many species, the best solution is to breed seasonally such that high costs are temporally coincident with predictable periods of resource abundance. This is an unreliable strategy for some primates, such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), for which large body size forces an increase in dietary complexity and prolonged reproductive efforts. Here, I review data on reproductive function in chimpanzees, a species that demonstrates a risk-averse reproductive strategy wherein reproductive investment is allocated in accordance with maternal condition. Life history parameters for chimpanzees indicate that most females produce very few surviving offspring. However, comparisons between captive and wild populations and within wild populations illustrate that variation in resource access leads to highly variable reproductive success. Focused hormonal studies have demonstrated these effects at a proximate level, with energetic influences on female dispersal, receptivity, cycle quality, conception success, and lactational amenorrhea. Downstream of these effects, female reproductive function affects sexual attractiveness, and by virtue of males' own optimal reproductive strategies, can lead to coercive aggression and decreased foraging efficiency. Because of their extreme reproductive costs, female chimpanzees utilize a highly conservative reproductive strategy, one that minimizes the costs of ecological variation but makes them vulnerable to sexual conflict and costs of sociality.

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Model life table for captive chimpanzees

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Grandmother hypothesis and primate life histories

Grandmother hypothesis and primate life histories

Parenting and survival in anthropoid primates: Caretakers live longer

Reproductive Ecology of Female Chimpanzees

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