Model of Choice Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations

Abstract

Photovoltaic electricity generation is key to achieving deep decarbonization with a high degree of electrification. It is predicted that the energy sector will reduce carbon dioxide by producing electricity mainly from photovoltaic (PV) power. Although dynamic development of the implementation of photovoltaic panels has been observed, their choice considering customer specificity is still a problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the model of choice photovoltaic panels considering customers’ expectations. It can support the choice of a photovoltaic panel of a certain quality (satisfaction of concrete customer) in combination with the cost of its purchase. The proposed model includes acquiring and then processing customers’ expectations into technical criteria, while simultaneously considering the weighting of these criteria. It is realized in a standardized way, i.e., the zero-unitarization method (MUZ), after which normalized values of the quality of the photovoltaic panels’ criteria are obtained. In turn, the quality of these products is estimated by the weighted sum model (WSM) and then integrated with purchase cost in qualitative cost analysis (AKJ). As a result, using the scale of relative states, it is possible to categorize customer satisfaction from indicating qualitative cost and selecting the photovoltaic panel expected by customers (the most satisfactory). The effectiveness of the model was demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis, after which the key PV criteria were indicated. The proposed model is intended for any entity who selects a photovoltaic panel for customers. The computerization of calculations may contribute to its utilitarian dissemination.

Model to Predict Quality of Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations

“…In this view, we observed an increased development to PV in comparison of other RES [21]. Despite the demand and predicted effectives of photovoltaic in limiting negative climate changes, customizing to customer expectations is still a challenge [3,4]. It results mainly from a problem of simultaneously verifying dependents of qualitative-ecological, i.e., achieve expected quality of PV [1], taking care of landscape (aesthetic) of the surrounding, and also including the client's well-being.…”

“…The actions of sustainable development focus on reducing negative climate changes [1][2][3]. The choice of these actions is based on, e.g., greenhouse gases, which generate approximately 90% anthropogenic climate change [4].…”

“…The use of concentrated solar radiation to produce electricity is used on different scales. There are mainly photovoltaic systems (PV) [3,4,7,8], which are currently important in this area of applications [9]. As shown in Refs.…”

“…Moreover, important is mentioned about the main leaders of UE, which propagate and apply PV, i.e., Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. The least of this energy is produced, e.g., in Poland, Finland, Austria, and Lithuania [3,10]. The photovoltaic power of UE-28 rose from 11.3 GW (2008) to more than 117 GW (2017), where 130 TWh of electricity was produced from photovoltaic.…”

“…The verification included aesthetic criteria (landscape), e.g., integration, compatibility, or importance of buildings for society. Furthermore, the authors in works [1,3] test relatively similar approaches, in which mainly differences in methodology and originality of these approaches are shown in Figure 1. The models in previous works, i.e., [1,3], included different groups of criteria, e.g., qualitative and quantitative criteria and cost of purchase, and then qualitative and environmental criteria.…”