Model of Infiltration of Spent Automotive Catalysts by Molten Metal in Process of Platinum Metals Recovery

The paper presents possibilities of controlling temperature field distribution in inductively heated charge. The change of its distribution was obtained using the sequential one-, two-, and three-frequency heating. The study was conducted as a multi-variant computer simulation of hard coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields. For the analysis, a professional calculation software package utilizing the finite element method, Flux 3D, was used. The problem of obtaining an appropriate temperature distribution in the heated charge of a complex shape is very important in many practical applications. A typical example is hardening of gear wheels. For such an application, it is necessary to obtain (on the surface and at a desired depth) an uniform temperature distribution on the tooth face, top land and bottom land of the gear. The obtained temperature should have proper distribution and value. Such a distribution is very difficult to achieve.Keywords: induction heating, computer simulation, electromagnetic field, temperature field W artykule przedstawiono możliwość kształtowania rozkładu pola temperatury w nagrzewanym indukcyjnie wsadzie. Zmianę rozkładu temperatury uzyskano wykorzystując sekwencyjne nagrzewanie jedno-, dwu-i trój-częstotliwościowe. Badania przeprowadzono jako wielowariantową symulację komputerową silnie sprzężonego ze sobą pola elektromagnetycznego i pola temperatury. Do analizy wykorzystano profesjonalny pakiet obliczeniowy Flux 3D wykorzystujący metodę elementów skończonych. Problem uzyskania odpowiedniego rozkładu temperatury w nagrzewanym wsadzie o złożonej geometrii jest bardzo istotny w wielu zastosowaniach praktycznych. Typowym przykładem jest hartowanie kół zębatych. Dla takiego zastosowania wymagane jest uzyskanie równomiernego na powierzchni i na zadanej głębokości zęba i wrębu rozkładu temperatury o określonej wartości. Uzyskanie tak zdefiniowanego rozkładu jest bardzo trudne.

“…The temperature field is calculated only for the tooth of gear wheel area, according to the Fourier-Kirchhoff law [23][24][25][26][27][28]:…”

Section: Calculation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use Of Multifrequency Induction Heating For Temperature Distribution Control

Smalcerz¹

2015

“…In the analyzed model, the non-linearity (with respect to the electromagnetic field) can be found only in the core (Fig. 2), but as shown in [12] if the core is designed properly, it should not go into saturation. Thus, it also satisfies the characteristics of linearity and therefore it could be modelled as ideal (non conductive with high relative permeability).…”

Section: Electromagnetic Field Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The areas occupied by the carrier of the catalyst was modelled as anisotropic porous medium, in which the laminar flow and pressure drop occurred consistent with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation [12]:…”

Section: Flow Field Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solution would be to achieve a pressure difference at the two ends of the converter that would be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the capillary structure of the carrier. The researches so far have used a three-phase inductor placed inside the channel [9][10][11][12]. Since in the case of an inductor operated on mains frequency the electromagnetic field penetrated only from the outside part of the channel, the resulting non-homogenous distribution of the forces generated eddy currents between the converters placed in the channel instead of forcing the flow through their structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of the Impact of Power Supply Parameters on Metal Flow Velocity in the Channel of a Device for Washing out Precious Metals from of the Automotive Catalytic Converters

Fornalczyk¹,

Golak²,

Przyłucki³

et al. 2014

The lifetime of a catalytic converters is limited. Today's environmental regulations require that used converters should be properly recycled as a valuable source of precious metals, Al 2 O 3 and steel scrap. The precious metals used in the devices perform catalytic functions. They are suspended in a ceramic or metal carrier. This paper deals with the recovery of precious metals from automotive converters using a metal-collector method. In order to speed up the washout of the precious metals from the capillary structure of the converter, the movement of the liquid metal-collector was forced by the electromagnetic field. The research was aimed at improving the effective velocity of the liquid metal flow through the carrier by means of a device with a double windings. Various ways of power supply were considered. The calculation experiment was performed as a weakly coupled analysis of the electromagnetic field and flow field.Keywords: PGM recovery, HHD pump, metal-collector method Czas życia katalizatorów samochodowych jest ograniczony. Dzisiejsze przepisy środowiskowe wymagają aby były one poddawane procesowi recyklingu jako cenne źródło platynowców, Al 2 O 3 i złomu stalowego. Metale szlachetne stosowane w tych urządzeniach pełnią funkcje katalityczne, naniesione są na ceramiczny lub metalowy nośnik. Artykuł ten dotyczy procesu odzyskiwania metali szlachetnych ze zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych przy wykorzystaniu metody metalu-zbieracza. W celu przyspieszenia procesu wymywania metali szlachetnych ze struktury kapilarnej katalizatora, przepływ ciekłego metalu-zbieracza zmuszony został przez pole elektromagnetyczne. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki modelowania mające na celu poprawę skuteczności przepływu ciekłego metalu przez nośniki katalizatora za pomocą urządzenia z podwójnym uzwojeniem. Przeanalizowano także różne sposoby zasilania urządzenia. Eksperyment obliczeniowy został zrealizowany jako słabosprzężona analiza pola elektromagnetycznego i pola przepływu.

“…Use of a closed cycle increases the concentration of precious metals in the metal collectors [5]. The article includes the description of the methods used for modeling of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic temperature and flow) occurring in this particular device [6]. The general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of device were also presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash Out the Spent Automotive Catalyst by a Liquid Metal

Fornalczyk

Przyłucki

Golak

et al. 2016

The recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material as the devices have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. This paper presents the method of removing platinum from the spent catalytic converters applying lead as a collector metal in a device used to wash out by using mangetohydrodynamic stirrer. The article includes the description of the methods used for modeling of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena (coupled analysis of the electromagnetic, temperature and flow fields) occurring in this particular device. The paper describes the general phenomena and ways of coupling the various physical fields for this type of calculation. The basic computational techniques with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages are presented.