Model of pressure ridge formation in sea ice

Parmerter, R. R.; Coon, Max D.

doi:10.1029/jc077i033p06565

Cited by 141 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The tensile strength is near zero. The compressive strength can be estimated from theories, numerical models [Hopkins, 1994], laboratory data, and field data for buckling [Coon et al, 1989], rafting [Pritchard et al, 1995], and ridging [Parmerter and Coon, 1972] of lead ice. The shear strength can be estimated from buckling and the shear strength of rubble ice [Weiss et al, 1981;Coon et al, 1995b].…”

Section: Isotropic Icementioning

confidence: 99%

The architecture of an anisotropic elastic‐plastic sea ice mechanics constitutive law

Coon¹,

Knoke²,

Echert³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The architecture for a new large-scale anisotropic constitutive law intended for use in a sea ice dynamics model is presented here. This architecture accounts directly for refrozen lead systems in the pack ice strength (with an anisotropic failure surface) and in the ice thickness distribution (with an oriented thickness distribution). The lower limit (5 km) of the model resolution is controlled by the fracture spacing of old, thicker ice and the maximum lead width. The upper limit of the model resolution (100 km) is controlled by curvature in the lead directions and variations in the lead width. These, in turn, are controlled by the variations in internal ice stress due to driving forces (winds and currents), which set the time resolution. This architecture features abrupt changes in the failure surface and the associated flow rule that cannot be averaged over a time step. In addition, the principal stress normal to a new lead must be zero as it opens. This model has subscale simulations that allow for the inclusion of phenomena such as ridging, rafting, buckling, and fracture on the behavior of the ice. With this new ice constitutive law, it is possible to test directly the ice failure strength, plastic flow rule, and ice thickness distribution. The data most useful for this testing come from ice stress and position buoys together with synthetic aperture radar deformation data. Some data comparisons have already been made.

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Section: Isotropic Icementioning

confidence: 99%

The architecture of an anisotropic elastic‐plastic sea ice mechanics constitutive law

Coon¹,

Knoke²,

Echert³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…We note that the energetics and evolution of ridging have been studied by Parmerter and Coon [1972], Rothrock [1975], and Hopkins [1998]. Our work abuts theirs by providing conditions delineating between rafting and ridging.…”

Section: Simple Rafting Versus Pressure Ridgingmentioning

confidence: 72%

Explaining the patterns formed by ice floe interactions

Vella¹,

Wettlaufer²

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We provide a quantitative explanation of the patterns commonly observed during the collision of two floating ice sheets (ice floes): simple rafting, finger rafting, or the formation of a pressure ridge. In particular, we analyze the equilibrium configurations of the ice in each of the two types of rafting and show that these are only possible if the ice thickness is below a threshold value that we determine in terms of the strength and elastic modulus of the ice. We construct a regime diagram to characterize the regions of thickness-strength parameter space for which each type of deformation can occur. Using typical values for the strength of sea ice, we find that finger rafting can only occur in ice with thickness ]8 cm, and simple rafting can typically only occur in ice with thickness ]21 cm. These estimates are quantitatively consistent with most field observations reported in the literature. Finally, by quantifying two common complications that occur in reality, we are also able to account for some of the discrepancies between theory and observation that remain. We show that the presence of rubble may allow ice with a thickness of up to 1 m to perform simple rafting, but multiple rafting of thin sheets does not increase the maximum rafting thickness.

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“…Differences in mean thickness of equally old ice can be as high as 1.55 m, and the correlation coefficient between mean-overall thickness and age is only 0.68. This low correlation is not surprising, because mean-overall thickness is strongly influenced by such dynamic growth processes as ridging and rafting (e.g., Thorndike et al, 1975;Parmerte and Coon, 1972;Babko et al, 2002), which are rather chaotic processes that are dependent on local wind conditions. This weak dependence is the reason for the comparatively large error bounds in our sea-ice volume estimates for areas not crossed by the HEM profiles.…”

Section: Age Vs Thickness Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined approach of remote sensing and airborne electromagnetics to determine the volume of polynya sea ice in the Laptev Sea

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A combined interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) sea-ice thickness data has provided an estimate of sea-ice volume formed in Laptev Sea polynyas during the winter of 2007/08. The evolution of the surveyed sea-ice areas, which were formed between late December 2007 and middle April 2008, was tracked using a series of SAR images with a sampling interval of 2-3 days. Approximately 160 km of HEM data recorded in April 2008 provided seaice thicknesses along profiles that transected sea ice varying in age from 1 to 116 days. For the volume estimates, thickness information along the HEM profiles was extrapolated to zones of the same age. The error of areal mean thickness information was estimated to be between 0.2 m for younger ice and up to 1.55 m for older ice, with the primary error source being the spatially limited HEM coverage. Our results have demonstrated that the modal thicknesses and mean thicknesses of level ice correlated with the sea-ice age, but that varying dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice growth conditions resulted in a rather heterogeneous sea-ice thickness distribution on scales of tens of kilometers. Taking all uncertainties into account, total sea-ice area and volume produced within the entire surveyed area were 52 650 km 2 and 93.6 ± 26.6 km 3 . The surveyed polynya contributed 2.0 ± 0.5 % of the sea-ice produced throughout the Arctic during the 2007/08 winter. The SAR-HEM volume estimate compares well with the 112 km 3 ice production calculated with a high-resolution ocean sea-ice model. Measured modal and mean-level ice thicknesses correlate with calculated freezing-degree-day thicknesses with a factor of 0.87-0.89, which was too low to justify the assumption of homogeneous thermodynamic growth conditions in the area, or indicates a strong dynamic thickening of level ice by rafting of even thicker ice.

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Model of pressure ridge formation in sea ice

Cited by 141 publications

References 1 publication

The architecture of an anisotropic elastic‐plastic sea ice mechanics constitutive law

The architecture of an anisotropic elastic‐plastic sea ice mechanics constitutive law

Explaining the patterns formed by ice floe interactions

A combined approach of remote sensing and airborne electromagnetics to determine the volume of polynya sea ice in the Laptev Sea

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