Model Prediction of Potential Disease Effects from PM2.5 Emission Among School Children in Coming 30 years in South Tangerang

Abstract

Background:The largest global environmental health risk factor is the ambient of air pollution, that largely attributed to transportation emissions. One of the main causes of PM 2.5 emissions is thought to be onroad transportation. PM 2.5 has an impact on health, especially on children that relate to the respiratory system such as asthma, lung cancer, and decreased intelligence. Objective: The research objective was to predict the risk potential disease due to PM 2.5 in children from vehicle emissions in South Tangerang City. Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design using a dynamic model approach using STELLA software. The environmental and human samples aare used to calculate the exposure level to PM 2.5 taken from 32 points in 7 sub-districts of South Tangerang City (North Serpong, Serpong, Pondok Aren, Ciputat, East Ciputat, Pamulang, and Setu). then, meteorological data was also collected. Results: The number of vehicles in the city of South Tangerang is quite high, especially between 11:00 and 15:00 with the majority of vehicles passing by are cars and motorbikes. PM 2.5 pollution levels will fluctuate until 2053. The effects of temperature, weather, and humidity might cause an increase in PM 2.5 pollutants at specific times. According to the modeling calculation results, even though there are occasions when PM 2.5 pollution levels fall, acute respiratory infection (ARI) incidence in children will continue to rise over time. Although PM 2.5 emissions fluctuate, exposure to PM 2.5 in low concentrations poses a risk to human health.

Utilization of Rainwater as Consumable Water with Rainwater Harvesting Methods: A Literature Review

“…It could need more treatment and proper upkeep to guarantee that the water is safe to consume due to many sources of pollutants including from air and the communities behavior relate to water source. 22,23 The use of rainwater for drinking water has various advantages for the environment. To name a few, these are: lessen the strain on water systems Rainwater collection and use can lessen the strain on municipal water systems by lowering demand on them.This can be particularly significant in regions with scarce water resources or high water demand.…”

“…Preserve local watersheds: By lowering the quantity of contaminants that enter nearby waterways and the amount of stormwater runoff, collecting and using rainwater can help preserve local watersheds. [23][24][25][26] This can help to improve water quality and protect aquatic ecosystems. Maintain healthy soils: Rainwater is free of chemicals and salts that are typical of treated water, which can help to maintain healthy soils.…”

Antibacterial Potential of Durian (Durio zibethinus murr.) Waste as an Alternative Disinfectant in Raw Drinking Water - A Literature Review

“…Durian skin antibacterial tests conducted by Anggraeni and Anam, 201629 and Ravichandran et al, 202023 found that durian skin extract can be used as an antibacterial for human pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. There was inhibition of the growth of Eschercia Coli and Stapilococus Aureus bacteria on durian skin according to the results of research conducted by R. Calyptranti et al (2022)37,56 and Muawanah, et al, 201912 .…”

Determinant Analysis of Stunting Cases on Toddlers in Covering Area of Pamboang Health Centre in Majene Regency

“…This is in line with research (Tuharea, 2022) with a value of Exp(B)=17.274, which shows that families with poor economic status have a 17 times greater risk of toddlers becoming stunted compared to families with sufficient economic status. A good family economic status makes it easier for parents to obtain health services, learning or meeting other needs for their toddlers, (Hilda et al, 2023;Parellangi et al, 2023, Ernyasih et al, 2023 Research (Sutriyawan et al, 2020) also shows a value of Exp(B)=2.065, which means that basic socio-economic levels have a 2 times greater risk of experiencing stunting. These results are in line with research (Rufaida et al, 2020) which shows that low family income provides a 2,344 times risk for toddlers experiencing stunting.…”