“…Recently, several interval type-II T-S fuzzy controllers have been designed based on type-II fuzzy sets to address uncertainties in membership functions, and relevant works are presented in previous works. 134–136 Moreover, type-II fuzzy systems have also been combined with adaptive control methods to produce adaptive, intelligent, and robust controllers, for example, interval type-II fuzzy sliding-mode controllers, 137 backstepping type-II fuzzy controllers, 138 and robust H∞ type-II fuzzy controllers. 139 These studies have attracted unprecedented interest, because the designed controller can benefit from the advantages of both methods and overcome their inherent negative aspects.…”