Model source bearings of Q-bursts for observations in Antarctica

Nickolaenko, A. P.; Galuk, Yu. P.; Hayakawa, Masashi; Kudintseva, I. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105723

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 1 demonstrates a set of height profiles of air conductivity. There are profiles developed for explaining Schumann resonance (SR) data and the data of global current circuit (Kudintseva et al, 2016;Nickolaenko et al, 2016Nickolaenko et al, , 2017Nickolaenko et al, , 2021a. The dashed line shows the averaged SR profile used in the work by Kudintseva et al (2016).…”

Section: Model Of Atmosphere Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 compares the characteristic (magnetic and electric) heights of the lower ionosphere (upper panel) (hL and hC) and the complex propagation constants (ν) of zeroth order mode (p=0) (lower panel). These characteristic heights were computed for particular profiles using the fullwave solution in the form of Riccati equation (Kudintseva et al, 2016;Nickolaenko et al, 2016Nickolaenko et al, ,2017Nickolaenko et al, ,2021a. These heights were initially introduced in the paper by Greifinger and Greifinger (1978).…”

Section: Model Of Atmosphere Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare the model results relevant to their profile with those pertinent to the conductivity profiles of the middle atmosphere that were successfully used for interpretations of natural electromagnetic signals from ULF (ultra low frequency) to VLF bands (Kudintseva et al, 2016;Nickolaenko et al, 2016Nickolaenko et al, , 2017Nickolaenko et al, , 2021a. These bands cover, in particular, the currents of the global electric circuit (Kudintseva et al, 2016), Schumann resonances (Jones and Kemp, 1971;Kudintseva et al, 2016;Nickolaenko et al, 2016Nickolaenko et al, , 2017Nickolaenko et al, , 2021a and the slow tail atmospherics in the day and night conditions (Nickolaenko et al, 2021b). These Schumann resonance and slow tails belong to ELF (extremely low frequency, below 3 kHz) range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the first step, we obtain the vertical profile of atmosphere conductivity using the typical profile of electron density from the paper by McCormick and Cohen (2021). After obtaining the relevant conductivity profile (we regard it as a 'new' profile in what follows), we compare it with our previous profiles defined in Kudintseva et al (2016) and Nickolaenko et al (2016Nickolaenko et al ( , 2017Nickolaenko et al ( , 2021a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the third step, we compute the Schumann resonance spectra corresponding to the 'old' (Kudintseva et al, 2016;Nickolaenko et al, 2016Nickolaenko et al, , 2017Nickolaenko et al, , 2021a and the 'new' (McCormick and Cohen, 2021) models relevant to the globally uniform distribution of lightning strokes. The power spectra of vertical electric field component are compared revealing the distinctions conditioned by different model profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of McCormick-Cohen Model for Computing ELF/VLF Atmospherics

Nickolaenko

Hayakawa²,

Galuk

et al. 2022

JAE

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In a recent paper by McCormick and Cohen (2021), the new vertical profiles were discussed of electron density in the D/E region of ionosphere that accounts for the observations of VLF atmospherics (sferics). In the present paper, we use a typical profile from this paper and apply the classical profile of electron effective collision frequency for obtaining the conductivity of middle atmosphere. This air conductivity profile is compared then with those matching the Schumann resonance observations. By using this novel conductivity model, we compute the propagation parameters of ELF-VLF modes in the Earth-ionosphere cavity with the help of fullwave solution. An emphasis is made on the comparison of Schumann resonance spectra found for the existing and the novel profiles. The multi-mode full-wave solutions allowed us to compute the wide-band complex spectra of vertical electric and horizontal magnetic field components by using the classical modal expansions. Finally, the pulsed waveforms were calculated using the Fourier transform of complex ELF/VLF spectra, which belong to typical slow tail atmospherics (sferics). The conclusion is made that the profile by McCormick and Cohen underestimates the radio wave attenuation only at ELF, so that relevant data predicts somewhat higher peak frequencies and Q-factors of Schumann resonance.

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Section: Model Of Atmosphere Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Of Atmosphere Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Application of McCormick-Cohen Model for Computing ELF/VLF Atmospherics

Nickolaenko

Hayakawa²,

Galuk

et al. 2022

JAE

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New Method for Determining Azimuths of ELF Signals Associated With the Global Thunderstorm Activity and the Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

Kubisz,

Gołkowski,

Mlynarczyk

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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A new method is proposed for deriving extremely low frequency (ELF) wave arrival azimuths using the wide range of signal amplitudes, contrary to previously applied high amplitude impulses only. The method is applied to observations from our new magnetic sensor in the Hylaty station with an 18 bit dynamic range and a 3 kHz sampling frequency. We analyzed a day of 15 January 2022, to test the procedure against the ability to extract ELF signals generated during the Hunga Tonga volcano eruption. With complementary filtering of power line 50 Hz signatures, precise azimuth information can be extracted for waves from a multitude of thunderstorms on Earth varying during the day at different azimuths. A phenomenon of successive regular variation—decay or activation—of thunderstorms activity with varying azimuth is observed, possibly due to passing over the solar (day/night) terminator, and signatures of azimuth direction change during this passage can be noted. We also show that the erupting Hunga Tonga volcano associated impulses dispersed due to a long propagation path are clearly revealed in the azimuth distribution with analysis using parameters fitted to measure slowly varying signals, but not for fast varying impulses. We show that the Hunga Tonga related signals arrive from the azimuth ≈10° smaller than the geographic great circle path. The discrepancy is believed to be due to propagation through the polar region and in the vicinity of the solar terminator.

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Refraction of ELF Electromagnetic Waves by the Ionospheric Gradients at the Day/Night Terminator Measured at the Hylaty Station

Ostrowski,

Gołkowski,

Kubisz

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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We perform azimuth time tracking of multiple thunderstorm centers on the globe, which are sources of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves propagating in the spherical Earth‐ionosphere cavity. For observations made in September 2023 we identify azimuths of numerous global emission centers using our data sampled at 3 kHz at the Hylaty station in Poland. We confirm significant and relatively regular thunderstorm azimuth variation during the solar terminator passage over the observation site. The magnitude and duration of the azimuth deviations depend on the observed azimuths but are also varying between successive days and changing detailed thunderstorm activity patterns. The measured maximum positive (preferentially at the sunrise time) and negative (preferentially at the sunset time) azimuth deviations reach even above 20 for waves propagating close to the terminator. We discovered also particular composite deviation structures, with the negative azimuth deviation directly preceding a larger positive one, sometimes occurring near the morning terminator passage 100 km above the surface. It is possibly the first detection of the ELF equivalent of the “greyline” transmission known in the HF radio propagation. At azimuths distant from the terminator one can observe decreasing of the regular deviation magnitude and occasionally lower magnitude deviations with opposite sign. The variations between successive days are expected to result from varying thunderstorm activity on Earth as well variability of ionospheric parameters, in particular of ionization gradients and nonuniformities occurring along the terminator. We postulate that the observed deviations result from a signal refraction at the varying ionospheric gradients.

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Model source bearings of Q-bursts for observations in Antarctica

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Application of McCormick-Cohen Model for Computing ELF/VLF Atmospherics

Application of McCormick-Cohen Model for Computing ELF/VLF Atmospherics

New Method for Determining Azimuths of ELF Signals Associated With the Global Thunderstorm Activity and the Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

Refraction of ELF Electromagnetic Waves by the Ionospheric Gradients at the Day/Night Terminator Measured at the Hylaty Station

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