“…On the other hand, a big research eŠort has been made so far to develop the elastoplastic constitutive equation of soils and the numerical method for the analyses of boundary-value problems on the deformation behavior of soil structures, especially the footing-settlement problem (cf. de Borst and Vermeer, 1984; Pietruszczak and Niu, 1993; de Borst and Groen, 1999; Borja et al, 1990Borja et al, , 1991Borja et al, , 1998Borja et al, , 2001Borja et al, , 2004Siddiquee et al, 2001;Potts, 2003;Smith and Gri‹th, 2004). Notwithstanding, it has not been advanced to the level to take the place of the slip-line method for the mechanical design of soil structures in practice so far.…”