Model Tests on the Frequency Responses of Offshore Monopiles

Abstract

Monopiles are widely used to support offshore wind turbines as a result of the extensive development of offshore wind energy in coastal areas of China. An offshore wind turbine is a typical high-rise structure sensitive to dynamic loads in ocean environment such as winds, water waves, currents and seismic waves. Most of the existing researches focus on elastic vibration analysis, bearing capacity or cyclic degradation problems. There’re very few studies on vibration of monopiles, especially considering the influence of static loads with different amplitudes, directions, and loading-unloading-reloading processes. In this paper, laboratory-scale 1 g model tests for a monopile in dry sands were carried out to investigate the frequency responses of the monopile under different loading conditions. The bearing capacities of the model monopile were obtained as references, and dynamic loads and static loads with different amplitudes were then applied to the monopile. It was found that (1) the first resonant frequency of the monopile decreases with the increase of dynamic load amplitudes; (2) the first resonant frequency of the monopile steadily increases under the lateral static load and loading-unloading-reloading processes; (3) the frequency responses of the monopile with static loads in different directions are also quite different; (4) damping of the monopile is influenced by the load amplitudes, load frequencies, load directions and soil conditions. Besides, all the tests were conducted in both loose sand and dense sand, and the results are almost consistent in general but more obvious in the dense sand case.

Offshore Wind Farms

“…The papers are of very good quality, and deal with numerous topics related to offshore wind energy. They cover issues such as marine renewable energies on the Spanish coast [1], relevant factors for optimal locations for wind facilities [2], wind energy potential analysis on the Lebanese coast [3], the trailing-edge flap in large scale offshore wind farms [4], monopile foundations dimensional analysis [5], scour protection in monopile foundations [6], frequency response model tests in monopiles [7], gravity-based foundations [8], effect of the ice force in the support structures [9], dynamic response for submerged floating structures with different mooring configurations [10], tension leg platform wind turbines with non-rotating blades [11], the integration of offshore wind farms in future power systems [12], and transient overvoltage considering different electrical characteristics of vacuum circuit breaker [13].…”