Model-Theoretic Optimization Approach to Triathlon Performance Under Comparative Static Conditions Results Based on the Olympic Games 2012

Fröhlich, Michael; Balter, Janine; Pieter, Andrea; Schwarz, Markus; Emrich, Eike

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2365889

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The data seen here suggest that AG racing over the ITU standard distance does not differ from elite races considered in other papers. [5][6][7][8][9]12 However, it must be stressed that comparisons cannot always be directly applicable. Even within elite athletes, the correlations between disciplines for the top 20 elite athletes and the rest of the field have been shown to differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This supports the research seen in draftlegal standard distance racing. [6][7][8][9]12 In the sprint races, for both genders, the cycle section had the strongest correlation with overall finish time (male: r ¼ .77, female: r ¼ .83, both p < .001).…”

Section: Correlations Of Race Disciplines With Overall Finish Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a developing academic literature assessing the relative importance of these disciplines on overall performance. This has predominantly focused on draft-legal elite racing over the ITU standard distance; [5][6][7][8][9] Ironman distance (3.8-km swim, 180-km cycle and 42-km run) 10 or IUTA non-draft ultra-distances. 11 Fro¨hlich and colleagues 6 analysed data from draft-legal elite standard distance triathlon world championships from 2003 to 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the run section to overall performance was also found in the London 2012 men's Olympic final. 7 Fro¨hlich and colleagues [6][7][8] suggest that better runners or those who train to improve running performance will be more successful triathletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of race discipline with overall performance in sprint and standard distance triathlon age-group world championships

Horne

2017

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The study analysed data of 25-to 29-year-old athletes from the 2015 International Triathlon Union Age-group World Championship. Four separate draft-illegal races were analysed (male standard, male sprint, female standard and female sprint). The correlation of individual race disciplines with overall finish time, and the variance accounted for by each discipline was considered. Running had the strongest relationship with finishing time in standard racing. Cycling had the strongest relationship in sprint racing. There were no gender differences in correlations or in the greatest predictors of performance. It was concluded that the importance of running in predicting triathlon performance seen in previous research on standard distance racing is not due to the legality of drafting in the cycle discipline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Of Race Disciplines With Overall Finish Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of race discipline with overall performance in sprint and standard distance triathlon age-group world championships

Horne

2017

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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“…When selecting between different brands or models of full-sleeve wetsuits, the athlete should consider shoulder movement allowed by the wetsuit. Some triathlon events favor strong run ability vs. cycling or swimming (Fröhlich et al, 2013). However, considering some swim events involve swimming for over an hour, any added resistance to shoulder movement may cause an athlete to tire sooner.…”

Section: Practical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Activity during Dryland Swimming while Wearing a Triathlon Wetsuit

Agnelli

Mercer

2018

IJKSS

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Background: Triathletes typically wear a wetsuit during the swim portion of an event, but it is not clear if muscle activity is influenced by wearing a wetsuit. Purpose: To investigate if shoulder muscle activity was influenced by wearing a full-sleeve wetsuit vs. no wetsuit during dryland swimming. Methods: Participants (n=10 males; 179.1±13.2 cm; 91.2±7.25 kg; 45.6±10.5 years) completed two dry land swimming conditions on a swim ergometer: No Wetsuit (NW) and with Wetsuit (W). Electromyography (EMG) of four upper extremity muscles was recorded (Noraxon telemetry EMG, 500 Hz) during each condition: Trapezius (TRAP), Triceps (TRI), Anterior Deltoid (AD) and Posterior Deltoid (PD). Each condition lasted 90 seconds with data collected during the last 60 seconds. Resistance setting was self-selected and remained constant for both conditions. Stroke rate was controlled at 60 strokes per minute by having participants match a metronome. Average (AVG) and Root Mean Square (RMS) EMG were calculated over 45 seconds and each were compared between conditions using a paired t-test (α=0.05) for each muscle. Results: PD and AD AVG and RMS EMG were each greater (on average 40.0% and 66.8% greater, respectively) during W vs. NW (p<0.05) while neither TRAP nor TRI AVG or RMS EMG were different between conditions (p>0.05). Conclusion: The greater PD and AD muscle activity while wearing a wetsuit might affect swimming performance and /or stroke technique on long distance event.

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