Modeled earthquake losses and social vulnerability in Charleston, South Carolina

Schmidtlein, Mathew C.; Shafer, John M.; Berry, Melissa M.; Cutter, Susan L.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.06.001

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hazard United States (HAZUS), developed by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency, is a free standardized GIS-based risk assessment tool for hazard analysis and it have been widely validated for its applicability in the U.S. (Kircher et al 2006) (Tantala et al 2008) (Schmidtlein et al 2011) (Remo and Pinter 2012) (Rein and Corotis 2013). Despite the fact that HAZUS was originally designed for the use in the United States, this standardized seismic risk estimation software has been adopted and validated worldwide because it was possible to allow for its modification for international use (Gulati 2006) (Peterson and Small 2012) (Ploeger et al 2010).…”

Section: Hazus Methodology and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the Measurement Science for Sustainable Construction and Manufacturing Workshop Volume I. Position Papers and Findings

Ayyub¹,

Galloway²,

Wright³

2015

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ForewordAn environmentally conscious public is increasingly demanding products that are more sustainable. Manufacturers are seeking to meet the expectations of consumers and the demands of regulators while becoming more environmentally responsible. For consumers, regulators, and manufacturers alike, this requires that credible processes be implemented to accurately measure the environmental impacts of products. As a result, sustainability considerations can drive new materials and technologies for sustainable products, process innovation for sustainable manufacturing, and innovation and creativity in supply and value chain operations. Therefore, progress toward greater sustainability in the built environment and the manufacturing sector is a necessary step to better enable resource efficiency in our nation.The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) develops unbiased, state-of-the-art measurement science that advances the nation's technology infrastructure and is needed by industry to continually improve products and services. The mission of NIST's Engineering Laboratory is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness in areas of critical national priority by anticipating and meeting the measurement science and standards needs for technology-intensive manufacturing, construction, and cyber-physical systems in ways that enhance economic prosperity and improve the quality of life. Sustainability is a recognized critical national priority-one that requires meaningful and rigorous measurement science for establishing suitable performance metrics.To address this need, NIST launched an effort to develop, organize, and convene an invitational workshop on sustainability to promote the adoption and use of sustainable construction and manufacturing and guide NIST in developing a portfolio of programs that are focused on providing the enabling measurement science to key industry stakeholders. The University of Maryland in collaboration with the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers undertook and performed that effort. The workshop was organized around four cross-cutting themes: (1) measurement science; (2) systems; (3) planning, design, and supply chains; and (4) economic, environmental, and social aspects. Plenary session presentations were commissioned covering each of the four cross-cutting themes. The plenary session presentations set the stage for focused breakout sessions organized around the four cross-cutting themes. Workshop participants were assigned to the breakout sessions in a manner that facilitated discussions among the key stakeholder groups represented at the workshop. The breakout sessions were co-facilitated by each theme's plenary speakers, which provided a firm base from which to develop a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art in that topic area, as well as identify gaps and research opportunities. Chan...

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Section: Hazus Methodology and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the Measurement Science for Sustainable Construction and Manufacturing Workshop Volume I. Position Papers and Findings

Ayyub¹,

Galloway²,

Wright³

2015

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“…According to the HPM, vulnerability is derived from the interaction of both a geophysical risk and a social response at a specific geographic location. To date, many vulnerability studies that implement the HPM have focused on the combination of geophysical risk and social factors in creating a composite place vulnerability index or map (Clark et al 1998;Cutter et al 2000;Chakraborty et al 2005;Wood et al 2010;Schmidtlein et al 2011;Kar & Hodgson 2012). For example, Cutter et al (2000) combined several geophysical variables and socioeconomic data of Georgetown County, South Carolina to develop geophysical and social vulnerability maps, respectively.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last three decades, most hazard researchers that focused on vulnerability analyses have paid particular attention to the intersection of geophysical risk and social factors in generating place vulnerability (Clark et al 1998;Montz and Tobin 1998;Mileti 1999;Cutter et al 2000;Wu et al 2002;Brooks et al 2005;Chakraborty et al 2005;Cutter & Finch 2008;Wood et al 2010;Schmidtlein et al 2011;Kar & Hodgson 2012). This approach is derivative of the Hazards-of-Place Model (HPM) developed by Cutter (1996) which offers a conceptual framework through which place vulnerability is defined as a combination of social characteristics (expressed by selected socioeconomic demographics) and geophysical risk (expressed by probabilities of occurrence).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating evacuation potential into place vulnerability analysis

Yorke

Zhan

et al. 2013

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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The purpose of this research is to illustrate a three-component operationalization of the Hazards-of-Place Model (HPM) by integrating urban infrastructure (using the capacity of road networks to facilitate evacuation as an example) to describe place vulnerability. This approach is informed by the HPM first articulated by Cutter (Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Prog Hum Geog. 20:529-39, 1996). The HPM is a conceptual framework through which place vulnerability is defined as a combination of social characteristics (expressed by selected socioeconomic demographics) and geophysical risk (expressed by probabilities of occurrence). Using a geographic information system (GIS), the study models the capacity of road networks to facilitate evacuation and used it as an example of urban infrastructure within which place vulnerability occurs. The output of the model was integrated with a geophysical risk layer and social vulnerability index layer as components for assessing the overall place vulnerability. The threecomponent approach to operationalizing the HPM provides a detailed and nuanced illustration of place-based vulnerability. As an applied tool, the threecomponent approach presents emergency planners with a new method of integrating diverse geographic data when illustrating spatial patterns of vulnerability to environmental hazards.

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“…En ellos se aprecia la forma en que la pobreza, inadecuada educación y exclusión social han condicionado la vulnerabilidad, así como las profundas limitaciones que han acompañado las etapas de enfrentamiento y recuperación ante los desastres naturales, aunque simultáneamente han surgido actitudes, valores y organizaciones que han enfatizado la solidaridad, colaboración y capacidad de lucha de los habitantes locales. Para evitar que estas actuaciones sean superadas con rapidez es fundamental transformarlas en políticas públicas y organizaciones sociales, para lo cual deben tenerse en cuenta múltiples experiencias acumuladas en otros desastres tales como el maremoto de Indonesia (2004), el Huracán Katrina (2006) y el terremoto y tsunami de Japón (2011).…”

Section: Naturaleza De Los Desastres "Naturales" Y Construcción De Vuunclassified

“…Schmidtlein et al (2011) refieren que un área es vulnerable por quienes viven en ella, pues la vulnerabilidad depende del acceso a los medios de vida y de recursos menos seguros y provechosos. El acceso a los recursos depende, entre otras cosas, de la vinculación con el poder, encargado de la distribución de bienes y servicios.…”

Section: Desastres Socionaturales En La Región De Florianópolis Y En unclassified

Ameaças naturais e avaliação subjetiva na construção da vulnerabilidade social diante de desastres naturais no Chile e Brasil

Romero

Mendonça

2012

R. Internac. Interdisciplinar Interthesis

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RESUMEN:Se analiza desde los puntos de vista objetivo y subjetivo, algunos de los factores económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales que han participado de la construcción de la vulnerabilidad social con que, comunidades de Chile y Brasil, han enfrentado desastres naturales recientes, que han incluido inundaciones, remociones en masa de sedimentos, terremotos y tsunamis. Factores globales han generado restricciones económicas que se han manifestado localmente en un aumento de la vulnerabilidad social debido a la falta de inversiones públicas en obras de protección. Adicionalmente, se han observado procesos de exclusión y segregación social, traducidos en una ocupación humana permanente y sistemática de áreas expuestas a las amenazas naturales, en las cuáles se ha ubicado a la población de menores recursos. Las percepciones de los riesgos naturales, las formas de organización social y las expectativas y frustraciones de las comunidades locales constituyen valiosas lecciones que deberían ser las bases del aprendizaje social necesario para evitar que estas tragedias continúen repitiéndose en nuestros países. Palabras clave: Riesgos naturales. Vulnerabilidad social. Inundaciones. Tsunamis. RESUMO:São analisados de pontos de vista objetivo e subjetivo, alguns dos fatores econômicos, políticos, sociais e culturais que participam da construção da

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Modeled earthquake losses and social vulnerability in Charleston, South Carolina

Cited by 104 publications

References 34 publications

Proceedings of the Measurement Science for Sustainable Construction and Manufacturing Workshop Volume I. Position Papers and Findings

Proceedings of the Measurement Science for Sustainable Construction and Manufacturing Workshop Volume I. Position Papers and Findings

Incorporating evacuation potential into place vulnerability analysis

Ameaças naturais e avaliação subjetiva na construção da vulnerabilidade social diante de desastres naturais no Chile e Brasil

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