“…In this context, it is important to note that the air industry has been facing traumatic events in the past, such as the two Malaysian airline accidents in 2014 (Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17, July 17 and Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370, March 8). Likewise, large-scale strikes of flight attendants and pilots hit China airline hard in 2016 and 2019 ( Hsiu-Ying Kao et al, 2020 ). However, such airline-specific events mainly result in consumers' avoidance of certain airlines since image rebuilding after an accident is difficult ( Yang et al, 2018 ).…”