Modeling and estimation of pollen-mediated gene flow at the landscape scale

Application of the maximum threshold distances to reduce gene flow frequency in the coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM maize

“…When the length of pollen source was less than 100 m at the prevailing wind direction, the larger the pollen source, the more pollen grains deposited on the downwind and the greater gene flow risk. The experiment results also proved that the gene flow frequency would increase as the pollen source area enlarging (Lu et al, 2019;Palaudelmàs et al, 2012). However, the field experiments were so small, typically less than 1000 m 2 (Di & Liu, 2008;Lu et al, 2005Lu et al, , 2012 in China, so as to underestimate the gene flow distances and not to provide accurate and reliable data for assessing the risk of maize gene flow.…”