Modeling and experimental study of a transferred arc stabilized with argon and flowing in a controlled-atmosphere chamber filled with argon at atmospheric pressure

Coudert, Jean-François; Delalondre, C.; Roumilhac, P.; Simonin, Olivier; Fauchais, Pierre

doi:10.1007/bf01465873

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…If now N-1 nozzle is considered, it can be observed that the effect of the flow rate is essentially reversed, since higher energy transfer rates to the anode are associated with the lower sheath gas flow rates.. A similar negative trend for a cylindrical nozzle has been reported in by the Limoges group in 1993 [12]. The reason provided by [12] to explain this behaviour is that a recirculation flow pattern exists in the cathodic region, which becomes stronger with increasing flow rates and consequently leads to the lower jet velocities and temperatures existing in the anodic region.…”

Section: Calorimetric Measurementssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The reason provided by [12] to explain this behaviour is that a recirculation flow pattern exists in the cathodic region, which becomes stronger with increasing flow rates and consequently leads to the lower jet velocities and temperatures existing in the anodic region. However, by using the appropriate boundary conditions at the cathode wall for the solution of Eqs.…”

Section: Calorimetric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A numerical and experimental study of TA configurations was reported by [12], involving various parameters, including cathode and nozzle geometries. This work revealed a strong dependence between the cathode nozzle geometry and the arc properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Cathode Nozzle Geometry and Process Parameters on the Energy Distribution for an Argon Transferred Arc

Bini

Monno

Boulos

2007

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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The influence of two nozzle geometries and three process parameters (arc current, arc length and plasma sheath gas flow rate) on the energy distribution for an argon transferred arc is investigated. Measurements are reported for a straight bore cylindrical and for a convergent nozzle, with arc currents of 100 A and 200 A and electrode gaps of 10 mm and 20 mm. These correspond to typical operating parameters generally used in plasma transferred arc cutting and welding operations. The experimental set up consisted of three principal components: the cathode-torch assembly, the external, water-cooled anode, and the reactor chamber. For each set of measurements the power delivered to each system component was measured through calorimetric means, as function of the arc's operating conditions. The results obtained from this study show that the shape of the cathode torch nozzle has an important influence on arc behaviour and on the energy distribution between the different system components. A convergent nozzle results in higher arc voltages, and consequently, in higher powers being generated in the discharge for the same applied arc current, when compared to the case of a straight bore nozzle. This effect is attributed to the fluidynamic constriction of the arc root attachment, and the consequential increase in the arc voltage and thus, in the Joule heating. The experimental data so obtained is compared with the predictions of a numerical model for the electric arc, based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes and Maxwell equations, using the commercial code FLUENTÓ. The original code was enhanced with dedicated subroutines to account for the strong temperature dependence of the thermodynamic and transport properties under plasma conditions. The computational domain includes the heat conduction within the solid electrodes and the arc-electrode interactions, in order to be able to calculate the heat distribution in the overall system. The level of agreement achieved between the experimental data and the model predictions confirms the suitability of the proposed, ''relatively simple'' model as a tool to use for the design and optimization of transferred arc processes and related devices. This conclusion was further supported by spectroscopic measurements of the temperature profiles present in the arc column and image analysis of the intensity distribution within the arc, under the same operating conditions.Keywords transferred arcs Á argon arcs Á numerical modelling Á experimental measurements Á heat distribution Á process parameters characterization Nomenclature A r radial component of the magnetic potential vector [T m] A z axial component of the magnetic potential vector [T m] B h azimuthal magnetic field [T] C p specific heat [J kg À1 K À1 ] e elementary charge [-1.6x10 À19 C] h enthalpy [J kg À1 ] k B Boltzmann's constant [1.38x10 À23 J K À1 ] j e electron current density [A m À2 ] j i ion current density [A m À2 ] j r radial current density [A m À2 ] j z axial current density [A m À2 ] r radial coordinate p pressure [...

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Section: Calorimetric Measurementssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Calorimetric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Effect of Cathode Nozzle Geometry and Process Parameters on the Energy Distribution for an Argon Transferred Arc

Bini

Monno

Boulos

2007

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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“…Paik et al 21 calculated the effect of working gas on the thermal profile of the arc in a 5 kW power supply waste treatment furnace. Coudert et al 22 studied the heat loss at the anode for an argon arc for a current up to 300 A. Mckelliget and Szekely 23 formulated a model to calculate the heat transfer to anode for the welding arc having a current from 100 to 200 A. Alexis et al 24 have calculated the heat flux, temperature, velocities and shear stress on anode surface for 36 kA current and 15-30 cm arc length. Taking this input as boundary conditions, Ramirez et al 25 studied the mixing in the bath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional turbulent heat and fluid flow model to study effect of working gas and other process parameters on heat transfer in plasma furnace

Shamsi¹

2009

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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A two-dimensional heat and fluid flow model was used to simulate the plasma arc furnace, where the flow is governed by the steady state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The flow has been taken as turbulent and the standard k-epsilon model was used to simulate the turbulence in the flow. The coupled non-linear differential equations were solved with suitable boundary conditions and temperature dependent plasma properties at atmospheric pressure by employing an efficient finite volume method. The calculations and heat transfer to various parts of the furnace were calculated for argon, nitrogen and hydrogen plasmas. The voltage-current characteristic for the different types of plasma and the effect of other process parameters on heat transfer are discussed.

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“…Transferred arc plasma is widely used technology for melting and vitrification of hazardous wastes due to its high temperatures and simplicity of generation and control. The transferred arc plasma is assumed to be stable, steady, axi-symmetric, optically thin and in a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in an atmospheric-pressure environment [7,8]. The process is characterized by extremely high temperatures (up to 20,000-30,000 K), excellent arc stability and low environmental impact (low oxides emissions, low percentage of ultra-fine powder).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin step synthesis of lanthanum zirconate through transferred arc plasma processing

Yugeswaran

Selvarajan

Ananthapadmanabhan

et al. 2010

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Low power transferred arc plasma (TAP) processing is a simple and cost-effective method for large amount of ceramic processing in a very short period of time duration. In the present work, lanthanum zirconate (La 2 Zr 2 O 7 ) was synthesized by transferred arc plasma (TAP) melting technique followed by mechanical milling. The mixture of La 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 powders with 1:2 mole ratio were ball milled for four hours and melted for three minutes in transferred arc plasma torch at 10 kW input power with 10 lpm of argon flow rate. The phase and microstructure formation of the processed samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images.

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Modeling and experimental study of a transferred arc stabilized with argon and flowing in a controlled-atmosphere chamber filled with argon at atmospheric pressure

Abstract: For a Iran.sJbrred arc with ~1 /7~11 (ltlodc working at tlD~tosl~]l¢'ri (' pr(,ssltrc

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Cathode Nozzle Geometry and Process Parameters on the Energy Distribution for an Argon Transferred Arc

Effect of Cathode Nozzle Geometry and Process Parameters on the Energy Distribution for an Argon Transferred Arc

Two-dimensional turbulent heat and fluid flow model to study effect of working gas and other process parameters on heat transfer in plasma furnace

Twin step synthesis of lanthanum zirconate through transferred arc plasma processing

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