“…In many studies, linear and nonlinear regression and their improved modeling methods based on multivariate statistics and traditional machine learning have been proposed; the modeling methods include ridge regression [Li, Hu, Zhou et al (2018)], least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression [Xu, Fang, Shen et al (2018); Osborne and Turlach (2011)], partial least squares regression [Lavoie, Muteki and Gosselin (2019); Biancolillo, Naes, Bro et al (2017)], support vector regression (SVR) [Zhang, Gao, Tian et al (2016); Wei, Yu and Long (2014)], and artificial neural network (ANN) [Du and Xu (2017); Martinez-Rego, Fontenla-Romero and Alonso-Betanzos (2012)]. These regression methods have been applied to building mathematical models for various real-life scenarios, such as time series [Safari, Chung and Price (2018); Sarnaglia, Monroy and da Vitoria (2018) ;Sahoo, Jha, Singh et al (2019)] and industry [Xue and Yan (2017); Rato and Reis (2018); Sedghi, Sadeghian and Huang (2017); Khazaee and Ghalehnovi (2018); Gonzaga, Meleiro, Kiang et al (2009)]. However, many problems, such as multiple operating conditions and high nonlinearities, interfere with the prediction quality of key variables given the complexity of object processes and high-precision requirement of models.…”