“…In addition to the drawbacks mentioned for the models using the Preisach/Prandtl operator, this approach is unable to model minor hysteresis loops. More recently, hysteresis modeling has been applied to shape memory alloys (Ballew and Seelecke, 2019; Han et al, 2022; Wang and Wang, 2021; Yi et al, 2021), electroactive polymers (Jiang et al, 2021), and piezoelectric actuators (Robert et al, 2001; Xie et al, 2023; Yang et al, 2022). As in the previously mentioned research on magnetostriction, these papers consider a single-input, single-output model for the respective smart materials.…”