“…For instance, the performance of electrolytes in the solar cell can also be investigated by soft computing methods. 8 Numerous metaheuristic techniques have been adopted that includes genetic algorithm, 9 artificial immune system, 10 differential evolution (DE), 11,12 Metaphor-free dynamic spherical evolution, 13 artificial bee swarm optimization (ABSO), 14 particle swarm optimization (PSO), 15 enhanced leader particle swarm optimization (ELPSO), 16 time-varying acceleration coefficients particle swarm optimization (TVACPSO), 17 Random reselection PSO, 18 Gravitational search algorithm, 19 harmony search (HS), 20,21 simulated annealing (SA), 22 memetic algorithm (MA), 6 pattern search (PS), 23 cuckoo search (CS), 24 biogeographybased optimization (BBO) with mutation formulations, 25 artificial bee colony optimization (ABCO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), 26,27 modified artificial bee colony optimization (MABCO), 28 teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), 29,30 bird mating optimizer (BMO), 31 Grey wolf optimizer (GWO), 32,33 war strategy optimization algorithm, 34 improved arithmetic optimization algorithm, 35 Laplacian Nelder-Mead spherical evolution, 36 ensemble multi-strategy shuffled frog leading algorithms, 37 Delayed dynamic step shuffling frog-leaping algorithm, 38 boosted LSHADE algorithm and Newton Raphson method, 39,40 Boosting slime mould algorithm, 41 Gradient-based optimization with ranking mechanisms, 42 etc., for the non-linear parameter extraction optimization problem. Although these metaheuristic techniques yield better approximate solutions, every algorithm has its respective limitations.…”