Modeling and Performance Evaluation of LoRa Network Based on Capture Effect

Bellouch, Abdessamad; Boujnoui, Ahmed; Zaaloul, Abdellah; Haqiq, Abdelkrim

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6129-4_18

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Authors proposed a study based on the Markov chain model, to define the main performance metrics such as the throughput and the average packet delay. They have also presented a comparative study of the proposed hybrid protocol (SA-CEZD) to the ones reported in the literature: the standard Slotted ALOHA (SA) [12], the Slotted ALOHA combined with ZigZag Decoding (SA-ZD) [9], and the Slotted ALOHA improved by the Capture Effect (SA-CE) [10]. The results showed that the proposed hybrid protocol outperforms all other proposals.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In [10], the authors have proposed the Capture Effect technique to improve the performance of the Slotted ALOHA protocol for LoRa technology. The basic idea of the Capture Effect technique is that the transmitters send their packets using one of the available power levels, and the receiver is always able to retrieve the packet transmitted at the highest power level among all the transmitted packets.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Random Access Mechanism Enhancement Based on a Hybrid ALOHA Protocol Using an Analytical Model

Bellouch

Zaaloul

Haqiq

2022

JICTS

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In this paper, we present a new MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol, called Hybrid ALOHA (H-ALOHA), which is a combination of two existing protocols: Pure ALOHA (P-ALOHA) protocol and Slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA) protocol. The idea behind it is to design a MAC protocol that could meet some specific requirements in wireless networks, such as reducing energy consumption, delay minimization, and increasing the throughput. To the best of our knowledge, the S-ALOHA protocol is an improved version of P-ALOHA. However, during one single transmission scenario, P-ALOHA works better than S-ALOHA in terms of energy consumption and packet delivery. Motivated by that fact, we combine these two protocols, resulting in a hybrid ALOHA. A finite-state Markovian model is proposed to study the steady-state performance of H-ALOHA including normalized throughput, backlogged throughput, access delay, backlogged delay, and energy consumption. The proposed hybrid protocol has been compared with the S-ALOHA protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid protocol outperforms all ALOHA protocols. On average, the proposed protocol outperforms the S-ALOHA protocol by 60% in terms of normalized throughput, by 15% in terms of access delay, and by 23% in terms of total energy consumed during the transmission process.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Access Mechanism Enhancement Based on a Hybrid ALOHA Protocol Using an Analytical Model

Bellouch

Zaaloul

Haqiq

2022

JICTS

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“…In [12], the authors proposed a Markov chain to model a LoRa network where enddevices use a combination of the Slotted ALOHA protocol and the Capture Effect technique to access the shared channel. The Capture Effect technique enables the receiver to successfully receive the packet transmitted at the highest power level, even in the presence of collisions.…”

Section: Markov Theory Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be done by taking the sum of the product of the stationary distribution π n (p a , q r ) and the current number of backlogged users n for all possible states n. The expression for the average number of backlogged users is given by: M n=0 π n (p a , q r )n Proposition 4. Using equation (12) and equation ( 16), we can derive the following formula of the throughput.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this improvement, the maximum efficiency of 0.36 packets per second in Slotted ALOHA systems remains problematic, especially under high-traffic and large-scale deployments. To address this issue, several techniques have been proposed in recent years to enhance the throughput performance of Slotted ALOHA, including Coded Slotted ALOHA (CSA) [22], ZigZag Decoding (ZD) [11], Capture Effect (CE) [12], Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) [23], and the Age of Information (AoI) threshold mechanism [24].…”

Section: Description Of the Hybrid Aloha Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation of Hybrid ALOHA Mechanism based on Game Theory and Markov Chain Modeling

Bellouch,

Zaaloul,

Haqiq

2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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Hybrid ALOHA is a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that aims to enhance energy efficiency and packet delivery performance in wireless communication networks. This paper leverages mathematical models and analysis techniques from game theory and Markov chain modeling to investigate the performance of the hybrid ALOHA protocol under cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. We first evaluate the protocol in a team problem, where all users act cooperatively to optimize the global utility of the system, and then in a non-cooperative game, where each user acts in their own self-interest and aims to access the channel by utilizing a higher retransmission probability, which they believe will optimize their own benefits. The use of Markov chain analysis enables the derivation of analytical expressions for the performance metrics of interest, as well as the determination of optimal and equilibrium retransmission probabilities. Additionally, the game theory approach is used to analyze the distribution of retransmission probabilities in the hybrid ALOHA protocol. Throughout an extensive numerical analysis, we show that the hybrid ALOHA protocol out-performs other ALOHA protocols in terms of all performance metrics, for both cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. Additionally, we provide insights into the retransmission probabilities that optimize the performance metrics of interest for both scenarios.

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A Comparative Study of Three LoRa Collision Resolution Schemes: A Markov Model-Based Approach

Amzil

Bellouch

Boujnoui

et al. 2022

Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications

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Modeling and Performance Evaluation of LoRa Network Based on Capture Effect

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Random Access Mechanism Enhancement Based on a Hybrid ALOHA Protocol Using an Analytical Model

Random Access Mechanism Enhancement Based on a Hybrid ALOHA Protocol Using an Analytical Model

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid ALOHA Mechanism based on Game Theory and Markov Chain Modeling

A Comparative Study of Three LoRa Collision Resolution Schemes: A Markov Model-Based Approach

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