Modeling and simulation of a thermostatic mixer with an anti-scalding or anti-cold system

Model of a System-Wide Domestic Hot-Water Distribution System in a Multi-Resident High-Rise Building

“…One reason for high-energy demand in DHW distribution systems is the need to deliver hot water to a thermostatic mixing valve (TMV) from a domestic storage tank at 55-60°C (140°F) to reduce the risk of Legionella [9]. While much work has been done on studying domestic hot-water storage tanks [7,10,11], very few studies have examined the mixing device (independently) along with the piping layout and architecture in high-rise buildings to study the implications on energy and water-usage efficiency. Work on the efficiency of mixing devices has mainly focused on thermostatic mixing valves (TMVs) for industrial applications (using computational and experimental methods) to study thermal fatigue caused by the mixing of hot and cold streams inside power plants, petrochemical plants, electronic cooling devices, etc [10], [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…With these studies, a constant hot and cold flow was used, even though the fluctuating nature of hot-water demand in high-rise residential buildings is the primary challenge of understanding resident demand. Additional work has included onedimensional (1D) modeling of a TMV to evaluate the response time of the system and develop advanced control systems [10,20]; however, no field data were provided to support the model or to evaluate TMV implications on DHW system energy and water-usage efficiency.…”

Mechatronic thermostatic water mixer for building automation

“…The blockage of water supply in the cases of excessive high or low temperature is exerted by a thermo-sensitive wax device too, which has very short response time. A good description of this system together with a detailed model is provided by Costa et al 7 This kind of device, however, is not suitable for the interaction with a home automation network as it is operated manually and it does not include any kind of flow measurement.…”