“…Moreover, many studies on warmseason crop plants such as rice, sorghum, and soybean demonstrate temperatures in the mid-to-upper 30s • C result in reduced yields that are highly correlated with declines in pollen production as well as viability as indicated by viability stains and assessment of in vitro and in vivo pollen tube growth (Matsui et al, 1997;Prasad et al, 1999Prasad et al, , 2001Prasad et al, , 2002Prasad et al, , 2003Prasad et al, , 2006bDjanaguiraman et al, 2013;Maruyama et al, 2013;Prasad and Djanaguiraman, 2014;Singh et al, 2015). This severity of the impact of HT on male reproduction and crop yields is best illustrated in rice where high day (≥32 • C) and night (≥29 • C) temperatures drastically reduce or eliminate yields solely through their negative effect on one or more of the sensitive stages of male reproduction (Satake and Yoshida, 1978;Peng et al, 2004;Shah et al, 2011;Laborte et al, 2012;Teixeira et al, 2012;Bagha, 2014;Nguyen et al, 2014). Notably, the major rice growing regions currently experience both high day and night temperatures during flowering ( Fig.…”