Modeling Approach for Water-Quality Management to Control Pollution Concentration: A Case Study of Ravi River, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract:One of the challenging problems of Punjab, the most populous province of Pakistan, is the surface water-quality problem of the Ravi River, which flows through the main cities of the province. At present, the overall status of water quality is very polluted, primarily due to residential and industrial wastewater directly discharged into the Ravi River through a network of drains. Due to the poor quality of the water, the river ecosystem is not favorable for the aquatic and surrounding environment. Hence, management options are proposed to reduce pollution. Therefore, the study was formulated to identify the main sources of pollution along the Ravi River and their potential impact on the course of the river channel. In addition, the study applied a numerical model WASP 8.1 (Water Quality Simulation Program) to discover the best strategy for the improvement of water quality. Through the model simulation it was found that, if the flow at headwater and link canals is increased up to 50%, along with 75% improvement in the pollution concentration of drains through wastewater-treatment facilities, the water quality of the Ravi River can be improved up to an acceptable limit of water-quality standards.

Evaluation of water quality parameters using numerical modeling approach for the El-Salam Canal in Egypt

“…As well-known DO concentrations in rivers are influenced by environmental conditions of upstream and the sections of the river (Iqbal et al, 2018b). In the meanwhile, higher temperatures reduce the solubility of DO and re-oxygenation rate.…”

“…In the meanwhile, higher temperatures reduce the solubility of DO and re-oxygenation rate. Consequently, it is critical to impose the independent impact of feeding tributaries on river water quality along with other management strategies such as flow augmentation, aeration, and water treatment practices (Iqbal et al, 2018b). This evaluation is used to evaluate the spatial variation of water quality along the El-Salam Canal.…”

Assessment of Water Quality Profile Using Numerical Modeling Approach in Major Climate Classes of Asia

“…Conversely, regional climate, human actions, and economic and social activities have various effects on water quality [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In water quality simulations, it has been observed that the water quality models and various artificial intelligence approaches provided reasonable results and the practical modeling approach guarantees the use of models for forthcoming options for surface water quality [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In the last few decades, the development of surface water quality models (WQMs) to support decision making processes in water management and governance has intensified.…”

“…Previous studies have revealed that DO concentrations in rivers are influenced by environmental conditions upstream points and along the sections of the river [ 20 ]. At the same time, different studies discuss how higher temperatures reduce the solubility of DO and re-oxygenation rate.…”

“…At the same time, different studies discuss how higher temperatures reduce the solubility of DO and re-oxygenation rate. Consequently, it is critical for environmental researchers to consider the regional climate impact independently on river water quality along with other management strategies such as flow augmentation, aeration, and water treatment practices [ 20 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. This assessment is used to evaluate the spatial variation of water quality over different Koppen climate classes.…”