Modeling aquifer behaviour under climate change and high consumption: Case study of the Sfax region, southeast Tunisia

Boughariou, Emna; Allouche, Nabila; Jmal, Ikram; Mokadem, Naziha; Ayed, Bachaer; Hajji, Soumaya; Khanfir, Hafedh; Bouri, Salem

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.02.006

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This corroborates the results obtained by vulnerability assessment studies conducted in the shallow aquifer of Sfax [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. These results confront those obtained other authors [ 22 ], in that they demonstrate that Jebeniana and Chaffar regions are characterized by the higher average of groundwater-level drawdown under climate change scenarios and are the most threatened by seawater intrusion hazard in the Sfax region.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Calculation and mapping of groundwater-level fluctuations during the period 2008–2017 ( Figure 2 ), under an annual pumping flux of 1.0 × 10 8 m 3 /year and negative hydraulic budget of −4.1× 10 6 m 3 , suggest groundwater-level lowering reaching negative values in some specific sites such as Jebeniana and Chaffar–Mahares (−10 m). This explains the groundwater-level drawdown during this period reaching 1.4 m/year corresponding to a lowering of 14 m over the period 2008–2017 (10 years), which is essentially related to the lack of precipitation and excessive and anarchic pumping in these localities [ 22 ]. This fact makes the coastline increasingly vulnerable to the threat of marine intrusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a MODFLOW model was conducted to simulate GW-level fluctuations in the shallow aquifer of the Sfax coastline under climate changes and high consumption. This work allows to point out that Jebeniana (in the north) and Chaffar–Mahares (in the south) are the most concerned by the high decrease of the GW level, which makes them the most vulnerable to the hazard of seawater intrusion (SWI) [ 22 ]. Furthermore, according to other authors [ 23 ], multivariate analyzes and co-kriging tools are used to demonstrate groundwater quality degradation in the Jebeniana locality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Hajji

Allouche

Bouri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Groundwater (GW) studies have been conducted worldwide with regard to several pressures, including climate change, seawater intrusion, and water overexploitation. GW quality is a very important sector for several countries in the world, in particular for Tunisia. The shallow coastal aquifer of Sfax (located in Tunisia) was found to be under the combined conditions of continuous drop in GW and further deterioration of the groundwater quality (GWQ). This study was conducted to identify the processes that control GWQ mainly in relation to mineralization sources in the shallow Sfax coastal aquifer. To perform this task, 37 wells are considered. Data include 10 physico-chemical properties of groundwater analyzed in water samples: pH, EC, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), and nitrate (NO3), i.e., investigation was based on a database of 370 observations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) were conducted to extract the main factors affecting GW chemistry. The results obtained using the PCA model show that GWQ is mainly controlled by either natural factors (rock–water interactions) or anthropogenic ones (agricultural and domestic activities). Indeed, the GW overexploitation generated not only the GWQ degradation but also the SWI. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) method, integrated in a geographic information system (GIS), is employed to achieve spatial mapping of seawater intrusion locations. Hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) results corroborate the seawater intrusion and its spatial distribution. Furthermore, the mixing ratio showed that Jebeniana and Chaffar–Mahares localities are characterized by high SWI hazard. This research should be done to better manage GW resources and help to develop a suitable plan for the exploitation and protection of water resources.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Hajji

Allouche

Bouri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Recent climate projections confirm the reduction of piezometric levels of the aquifer in the Sfax region located in southeast of Tunisia by 2020 and 2050 for the following two scenarios (Boughariou et al 2018): the first considers a constant and increasing consumption, the second integrates climate projections published by the Tunisian Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), using HadCM3 as a model for general circulation (Boughariou et al 2018). Both scenarios also indicate the quantitative degradation of the groundwater by 2050 with an alarming marine intrusion (Boughariou et al 2018).…”

Section: Future Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change

Meddi

Eslamian

2021

African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

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The vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.

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“…It is located in the eastern part of the country. The climate in this area is arid to semiarid with irregular and torrential precipitations [48]. Olive leaves were dried at room temperature, powdered by a mechanical grinder, and macerated overnight in a mixture of water/ethanol (50:50, v/v) under gentle stirring.…”

Section: Olive Leaf Extracts Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Epstein Barr Virus Activity of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extracts

Ben-Amor

Gargouri

Attia

et al. 2021

Plants

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Olea europaea L. var. sativa (OESA) preparations are widely used in traditional medicine in the Mediterranean region to prevent and treat different diseases. In this research, olive extracts derived from the leaves of the OESA tree have been screened for antioxidant activity by two methods: the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The DPPH assay showed that OESA possesses a stronger antioxidant activity (84%) at 1 mg/mL while the FRAP method showed a strong metal ion chelating activity (90%) at 1 mg/mL. The low IC50 values, obtained by two different methods, implies that OESA has a noticeable effect on scavenging free radicals comparable to standards. During EBV infection, the free radicals increased triggering lipid oxidation. Therefore, the monitoring of the secondary lipid peroxidation products was done by measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (DC). The simultaneous treatment of Raji cells with OESA and TPA, as an inductorof the lytic cycle, generated a significant decrease in MDA levels and DC (p < 0.05). Besides, Raji cells simultaneously exposed to TPA and OESA exhibited a percentage of EBV-positive fluorescence cells lower than TPA treated cells (**** p < 0.0001). This suggests that OESA treatment has a protective effect against EBV lytic cycle induction.

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Modeling aquifer behaviour under climate change and high consumption: Case study of the Sfax region, southeast Tunisia

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model

Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change

In Vitro Anti-Epstein Barr Virus Activity of Olea europaea L. Leaf Extracts

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