Modeling as a research tool in poultry science

Gous, R. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03466

Cited by 54 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Beside benefits on meat quality, EOs or plant extracts are also reported to improve redox balance in different organs [55,86], and attenuate oxidative injury induced by different physiological stressors [87-89]. Table 5 shows the results of an experiment where different concentrations of ginger root powder and its EOs were fed to broilers raised under heat stress conditions [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review

Zeng

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2015

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

406

308

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This paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the possible modes of action and nutritional factors involved in the use of essential oils (EOs) for swine and poultry. EOs have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives to be fed to swine and poultry, possibly replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters which have been prohibited in the European Union since 2006. In general, EOs enhance the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic stress in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and reinforce the animal’s immune status, which help to explain the enhanced performance observed in swine and poultry. However, the mechanisms involved in causing this growth promotion are far from being elucidated, since data on the complex gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system are still lacking. In addition, limited information is available regarding the interaction between EOs and feed ingredients or other feed additives (especially pro- or prebiotics and organic acids). This knowledge may help feed formulators to better utilize EOs when they formulate diets for poultry and swine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review

Zeng

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2015

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

406

308

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“…In response to nutritional restriction, chicken p. major and b. femoris satellite cells differentially express myogenic regulatory factors (Powell et al. 2014b) and p. major satellite cells had a higher adipogenic potential than b. femoris satellite cells (Powell et al. 2014a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on apoptosis and adipogenesis on skeletal muscle satellite cells derived from different muscle types

et al. 2015

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Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that mediate postnatal muscle growth and respond differently to temperature based upon aerobic versus anaerobic fiber-type origin. The objective of this study was to determine how temperatures below and above the control, 38°C, affect the fate of satellite cells isolated from the anaerobic pectoralis major (p. major) or mixed fiber biceps femoris (b. femoris). At all sampling times, p. major and b. femoris cells accumulated less lipid when incubated at low temperatures and more lipid at elevated temperatures compared to the control. Satellite cells isolated from the p. major were more sensitive to temperature as they accumulated more lipid at elevated temperatures compared to b. femoris cells. Expression of adipogenic genes, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were different within satellite cells isolated from the p. major or b. femoris. At 72 h of proliferation, C/EBPβ expression increased with increasing temperature in both cell types, while PPARγ expression decreased with increasing temperature in p. major satellite cells. At 48 h of differentiation, both C/EBPβ and PPARγ expression increased in the p. major and decreased in the b. femoris, with increasing temperature. Flow cytometry measured apoptotic markers for early apoptosis (Annexin-V-PE) or late apoptosis (7-AAD), showing less than 1% of apoptotic satellite cells throughout all experimental conditions, therefore, apoptosis was considered biologically not significant. The results support that anaerobic p. major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion than aerobic b. femoris cells when thermally challenged.

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“…This has happened partly because exciting prospects have opened up in certain fields, but mainly because of the use of inappropriate referees to evaluate research proposals (Morris, 1996). The role of scientists is to put forward and then to test theories, hence the value of modelling in research and education (Gous, 2014). For many years, animal science research required that universities should have an infrastructure that would mimic the environment under which the animal will be managed in a production system.…”

Section: Research Grants and Infrastructure Investment In Poultry Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical models allow controlled hypothesis testing, and output can be used for data exploration and to inform further data collection (Kelbert, 2014;Doke & Dhawale, 2015). Useful ideas for research are generated in this way, and experiments may be designed to address specific issues, resulting in more accurate and more useful models that can be used in education and extension as a means of explaining many of the complex issues that arise in poultry science (Gous, 2014).…”

Section: Research Grants and Infrastructure Investment In Poultry Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Global poultry production: Current impact and future outlook on the South African poultry industry

Nkukwana¹

2019

SA J. An. Sci.

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Poultry meat and eggs are the largest source of animal protein in the human diet worldwide. These are the benefits of decades of poultry research investments that were aimed at developing fast-growing strains, a better understanding of nutrient metabolism and utilization, and the effects of those nutrients on gene expression. The South African poultry industry has advanced alongside global trends in most developed countries. The industry is dominated by a few fully integrated large commercial producers, and a high volume of small-scale producers, either as contract growers or individual producers supplying solely the informal market. Currently, the poultry industry is battling to remain competitive, owing to tons of imported dark chicken meat being dumped in this market by other countries at prices below the cost of production locally. This has had negative consequences on producers, big and small, and on the employment rate. Disease outbreaks, welfare regulations, food safety, house environment and a number of issues relating to nutrition and feeding are among current and future challenges to the poultry industry, particularly the smallscale segment. With urbanization escalating, land availability and accessibility for intensive poultry rearing, and crop production for feed will be a challenge. Simultaneously, although poultry has the lowest carbon and water footprint, global warming is likely to affect feed quality and quantity, increasing feed and energy costs, thereby influencing food security. In future, maize and soybean meal on a worldwide basis will remain the major ingredients in poultry diets, although research on feedstuffs for partial replacement of these two will still be relevant, more so for home mixers. Focus on poultry science education and training, research and extension partnerships between poultry scientists and veterinarians also needs serious attention. Lack of collaboration between the private and public sectors, and lack of innovative ways to articulate concerns from producers and consumers to policy makers remain barriers to technological adoption. This review adopts poultry in sole reference to chickens.

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Modeling as a research tool in poultry science

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review

Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review

The effect of temperature on apoptosis and adipogenesis on skeletal muscle satellite cells derived from different muscle types

Global poultry production: Current impact and future outlook on the South African poultry industry

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