Modeling bufferless packet-switching networks with packet dependencies

Super-Broadband Wireless Access Network

“…Fig. 5 shows the evolution of the 3GPP family of standards towards LTE Advanced (Chang et al, 2007;Rodrigo et al, 2009). LTE uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access) on the downlink and FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) on the uplink for better power performance of the end-user's handset, which is well suited to achieving high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth, achieving peak rates in the 1 Gbps range with wider radio channels.…”

“…The main challenges in OPS are the implementation of the optical header processing mechanism, the development of an intelligent switch controller, the realization of ultra fast switching at a nanosecond timescale, and the exploitation on buffering mechanisms to reduce packet blocking (Rodrigo et al, 2009;Raffaelli et al 2008;Le Rouzic et al, 2005).…”

Future broadband access network challenges

“…The main challenges in OPS are the implementation of the optical header processing mechanism, the development of an intelligent switch controller, the realization of ultra fast switching at a nanosecond timescale and the exploitation on buffering mechanisms to reduce packet blocking [6][7][8][9].…”