Modeling capillary fringe effect on petroleum vapor intrusion from groundwater contamination

Yao, Yijun; Mao, Fang; Xiao, Yuting; Luo, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.038

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is a large concentration gradient in the capillary fringe due to the high soil moisture distribution in this region, which is also illustrated in Figure 4. This phenomenon is called the "block" effect of the capillary fringe, resulting from the significant decrease in effective diffusion which has a negative correlation with the soil moisture content [20,[40][41][42]. This can be mathematically Figure 4, when the groundwater table fluctuations have not started (i.e., t = 0), the gas concentration is significantly reduced across the capillary fringe (i.e., a high gas concentration gradient occurs within the capillary fringe).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the Periodic Groundwater Table Fluctuation Impact on Chlorinated Vapor Intrusion?

Zhang

Yang

2021

Geofluids

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Periodic groundwater table fluctuations are found frequently in natural aquifers due to sea tides or seasonal recharge. However, their impact on the transport of volatile organic compounds in the vadose zone released from a groundwater contaminant source (i.e., vapor intrusion) has not been well known. A 2D numerical model was developed to explore vapor intrusion processes in the sandy vadose zone, subject to a fluctuating groundwater table with a range of fluctuation amplitudes and periods. A carcinogenic compound, Trichloroethylene (TCE), was chosen as the groundwater contaminant of interest in the current study and assumed to transport into the dwelling through a crack at the corner of the basement. Results showed that the resistant effect caused by high soil moisture contents in the thin capillary fringe is weakened by periodic groundwater table fluctuations, resulting in a higher concentration of gaseous TCE at the building foundation crack, in comparison with that under a static groundwater table. The increase of the gaseous TCE concentration was induced by the enhancement of diffusion and advection due to groundwater table fluctuations. Sensitivity analyses indicated that a higher amplitude and frequency of fluctuations lead to a higher TCE concentration at the crack under the dynamic equilibrium condition. Specifically, compared with the static groundwater table condition, the TCE concentration at the crack increased by one order of magnitude under the condition of groundwater table fluctuations with an amplitude of 0.2 m and a period of one day. The results obtained could provide insights into the importance of the amplitude and frequency of groundwater table fluctuations on vapor intrusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the Periodic Groundwater Table Fluctuation Impact on Chlorinated Vapor Intrusion?

Zhang

Yang

2021

Geofluids

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“…Additional insight on factors affecting VI risk is provided in a numerical modeling study of PVI conducted by Yao et al (2019). They showed that the position of the LNAPL smear zone (vapor source) relative to the water table had a significant effect on the benzene vapor flux, with higher fluxes predicted when the water table dropped to expose LNAPL within the vadose zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Study of Vertical Screening Distance Criteria for Vapor Intrusion of Ethylene Dibromide

Hers¹,

Wilson²,

Kolhatkar³

et al. 2021

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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This column reviews the general features of PHT3D Version 2, a reactive multicomponent transport model that couples the geochemical modeling software PHREEQC-2 (Parkhurst and Appelo 1999) with three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport simulators MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS (Zheng and Wang 1999). The original version of PHT3D was developed by Henning Prommer and Version 2 by Henning Prommer and Vincent Post (Prommer and Post 2010). More detailed information about PHT3D is available at the website http://www.pht3d.org.The review was conducted separately by two reviewers. This column is presented in two parts.

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“…Such studies have examined the diffusion through soil of volatilized VCSs under unsaturated conditions. These works can be classified into those that tried the optimization of a series of parameters for the evaluation of the advection and dispersion of volatilized VCSs via comparisons with experimental data [2][3][4][5][6], and those that attempted to predict the distribution of volatilized VCSs targeting the soil gas extraction as remediation process and risk assessment [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Several studies also investigated the behavior of volatized VCSs near the ground surface.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Model for Predicting the Volatilization Flux from Unsaturated Soil Contaminated by Volatile Chemical Substances

Kondo

Sakamoto

Kawabe

et al. 2021

Environ Model Assess

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This work developed a model for predicting the volatilization flux from the unsaturated soil contaminated by volatile chemical substances (VCSs) such as mercury and benzene. The model considers a series of phenomena under the unsaturated condition such as multi-phase flow consisting of a non-aqueous phase liquid, water, and gases together with the permeation of rainfall into the surface soil, the volatilization/condensation of VCSs, and the adsorption/desorption of VCSs. On this basis, this work clarified a mechanism for the generation of a volatilization flux at the ground surface. In addition, the effects of various transport phenomena in the surface soil on the magnitude and seasonal changes in this flux due to variations in weather factors such as rainfall level, temperature, and air pressure were quantitatively evaluated. This newly developed prediction model can be utilized to estimate dynamic variations in the flux under real-environmental conditions.

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Modeling capillary fringe effect on petroleum vapor intrusion from groundwater contamination

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

How Does the Periodic Groundwater Table Fluctuation Impact on Chlorinated Vapor Intrusion?

How Does the Periodic Groundwater Table Fluctuation Impact on Chlorinated Vapor Intrusion?

Field Study of Vertical Screening Distance Criteria for Vapor Intrusion of Ethylene Dibromide

Development of a Model for Predicting the Volatilization Flux from Unsaturated Soil Contaminated by Volatile Chemical Substances

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