Modeling coalition warfare

Abstract

This paper captures high-leveldesign imperatives and solutions used to expand a two-sided model to an n-sided model to premiere interactive, multi-sided, coalitionwarfare simulations.We focus on general considerations with impact beyond the bounds of a spwific model.The designs discussed are inco~orated in version 1.85 of the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS) and are being tested with a ten-sided Southwest Asia scenario.This U.S. Department of Defense model now supports a database-defined number of sides ranging from two to ten.Each side maintains an independent intelligence perception of the theater of operations and a designation of its friends, its enemies, and any neutrals. Multiple sides can align in "grand coalitions" or segregate into flexible groups to engage in multi-sided conflict.All sides are split into a variable number of dynamic factions. Each faction has specific attributes profiled by its Battlefield Operating Systems. Each faction holds a unique set of units and targets. And, they can subdivide, merge, or transfer to another side.

Anomaly candidates and invariants of D = 4, N = 1 supergravity theories

“…In order to construct a gauge fixed action one introduces in addition an antighost field 5 and a Lagrange multiplier field b for each gauge field and defines s< = b, sb = 0 which implies that these fields contribute only trivially to solutions of (1.1) (see e.g. [IO,191). This completes the construction of the BRS algebra for supergravity theories whose field content consists of tensor fields, gauge fields & A , A,' and the corresponding ghosts, antighosts and b-fields.…”