“…This is despite the fact that such a method, which has been shown to perform efficiently for damage tolerance assessment of complex structures [16], [17], [18] and also holds promise for the analysis of the durability of composite materials by virtue of its ability to describe arbitrary crack growth without remeshing and with relatively coarse meshes. The most significant contributions in the area of orthotropic materials have come from [19], [20], [21] who developed new crack tip enrichment functions to effectively capture the crack tip displacement fields within linear elastic orthotropic materials. Further developments in dynamics allowed the study of propagation in orthotropic materials using XFEM [22].…”
“…This is despite the fact that such a method, which has been shown to perform efficiently for damage tolerance assessment of complex structures [16], [17], [18] and also holds promise for the analysis of the durability of composite materials by virtue of its ability to describe arbitrary crack growth without remeshing and with relatively coarse meshes. The most significant contributions in the area of orthotropic materials have come from [19], [20], [21] who developed new crack tip enrichment functions to effectively capture the crack tip displacement fields within linear elastic orthotropic materials. Further developments in dynamics allowed the study of propagation in orthotropic materials using XFEM [22].…”
“…This method has successfully been extended to several static and dynamic isotropic and orthotropic problems, as well as modeling inter laminar cracks in bi-materials [22,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Recently, Nguyen-Thanh et al [39] developed an extended isogeometric shell formulation based on the Kirchhoff-Love theory.…”
“…Hu et al (2003) provided a method to calculate fracture pressure in perforated wells by FEM. Asadpourea et al (2006) provided an extended finite element method to model a crack growth in 2D orthotropic media. Besides, they have testified that the FEM was suitable for modelling and analyzing crack domain primary factors.…”
Hydraulic fracturing becomes more difficult when confronted with a formation of high fracturing pressure. In such formations, acidizing before the main fracturing treatment provide a method to reduce fracture pressure.
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