Modeling DBP formation

Sung, Windsor; Reilley-Matthews, Betsy; O'Day, D. Kelly; Horrigan, Kristin

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb08944.x

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Strong correlations between UV 254 and THMs were found in all sources, with coefficients of determination (r 2 ) ranging between 0.77-0.92. These findings support in favor of some previously published literature (White et al, 2003;Sung et al, 2000).…”

Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)supporting

confidence: 91%

“…The NOM, which is considered to be the most important precursor of THMs formation, has no direct measurement. The NOM can be expressed in terms of surrogate measures, such as TOC, DOC or UV 254 (Sung et al, 2000;White et al, 2003;Muller, 1998). Increase in NOM increases THMs formation (Korshin et al, 1997).…”

Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, slow reactions of NOM and chlorine in the distribution system may exert partial chlorine demand. The chlorine demand is generally determined to satisfy the actual needs of the water disinfection in the plants and distribution systems (Sung et al, 2000). As such, chlorine demand has been incorporated into certain modeling approaches (Westerhoff et al, 2000;Clark et al, 2001).…”

Section: Chlorine Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation on parameters for modeling THMs formation

Chowdhury

Champagne²

2013

Global NEST Journal

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Reactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and chlorine during disinfecting drinking water form trihalomethanes (THMs) and other chlorinated by products (CBPs), some of which are possible carcinogen to human health. A number of models have been developed to predict THMs formation since the discovery of THMs in drinking waters. A fraction of these models used a total of 22 different parameters while individual models used 3 to 8 parameters. Some existing models incorporated more than one parameter from total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV absorption capacity at 254 nm (UV 254 ), while all of these three characterize NOM in water; thus, there exist a possibility of illconditioned coefficient estimation. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on different parameters from four water supply systems in Newfoundland, Canada. Strong correlations were found among total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV absorption capacity at 254 nm (UV 254 ). This study along with the past studies identified pH, temperature and reaction time as significant for THMs formation; however, some existing models ignored these parameters. Although these models have good performance in predicting THMs formation in respective environmental conditions, some models might suffer weakness from mathematical point of view; thus needs to be carefully applied. This study recommends using one parameter from TOC, DOC and UV 254 and chlorine dose, pH, temperature and reaction time for future modeling.

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Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Natural Organic Matter (Nom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chlorine Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation on parameters for modeling THMs formation

Chowdhury

Champagne²

2013

Global NEST Journal

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“…Trihalomethane concentrations were determined by U.S. EPA method 524.2 (Sung et al 2000; U.S. EPA 1995) and consisted of chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sum of measurements for all constituents represents our measure of TTHM. The details of the water treatment and distribution are provided elsewhere (Lewis et al 2006; Sung et al 2000). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Effects of Disinfection By-products on Preterm Birth in a Population Served by a Single Water Utility

Lewis

Suffet

Hoggatt

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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ObjectivesWe evaluated the association between drinking-water disinfection by-products and preterm births using improved exposure assessment and more appropriate analysis methods than used in prior studies.MethodsDuring 1999–2001, vital record data were obtained for a large, racially diverse population residing in 27 Massachusetts communities that received drinking water from a single public utility. This water system was monitored weekly for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), and it maintained geographically stable total TTHM levels system-wide during the study period. We employed proportional hazards regression to examine the effects of trimester-specific and shorter-term peak exposures to TTHM in drinking water late in pregnancy on preterm births in 37,498 singletons.ResultsFor all women, our data suggested no more than a small increase, if any, in risk for delivering a preterm baby when exposed to ≥ 60 μg/L TTHM during the 4 weeks before birth [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–1.35]. However, women who depended on a governmental source of payment for prenatal care were at increased risk when exposed at such levels late in gestation (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06–1.81). In contrast, exposure to high levels of TTHM during the second trimester and high exposure throughout pregnancy resulted in a 15–18% reduction in risk for preterm delivery in our population.ConclusionsThis finding confirms previous reports of a negative association during the second trimester. Our data also suggested a possible positive association with shorter-term third-trimester TTHM exposure in mothers of lower socioeconomic status.

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Characterization and drivers of haloacetic acids in New York State

Sayess

2023

AWWA Water Science

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The formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in finished drinking water is an ongoing challenge for public health agencies and water utilities. The Fourth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule data were used to assess the prevalence and drivers of haloacetic acids (HAAs)—a class of DBPs—in New York State's (NYS) public water systems, with a focus on total measured (HAA9), regulated (HAA5), brominated (HAA6Br), and unregulated (HAA4) HAAs. The concentrations of all HAA groups in NYS are found to be similar to those nationally, with HAA4 composing approximately 20% of HAA9. Concentrations of all HAA groups are lowest in groundwater and highest in surface waters across NYS systems. Higher total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations lead to elevated HAA9 and HAA5, while higher bromide concentrations favor more HAA4 and HAA6Br. HAA4 concentrations are well predicted with pre‐oxidation/disinfection types, HAA5, TOC, and bromide concentrations, with an adjusted R2 of 70%.

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Modeling DBP formation

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

An investigation on parameters for modeling THMs formation

An investigation on parameters for modeling THMs formation

Estimated Effects of Disinfection By-products on Preterm Birth in a Population Served by a Single Water Utility

Characterization and drivers of haloacetic acids in New York State

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