Modeling drop size distributions

Investigation of Fuel Atomization with Density Functions

“…The Γ and RR PDFs have two parameters, while the NT has four parameters. However, the simplification of parameter p NT = 2 is common in the literature [16,26] which negligibly altered the R 2 value.…”

“…Furthermore, it can be observed that there are larger R 2 values in general for higher atomization pressures. Hence, it can be stated that the quality of fit depends on the applied atomizing pressure and the widely applied RR PDF does not seem a superior choice over the others [15,16]. Note that this PDF was originally used for size characterization of coal particles after milling [13].…”

“…Paint sprayers in the automotive industry have a desired droplet size range below 20 μm [16]. Classically, droplet size distribution estimation is performed in an empirical way [16].…”

“…The curves fitted to the measurement data is able to approximate the distribution of the droplet size in a wide range of operation. Among the probability density functions (PDFs), Nukiyama-Tanasawa, Rosin-Rammler, and Gamma are the most frequently used ones in atomization [14,[16][17][18].…”

Stabilization and Blowout of Gaseous- and Spray-Jet Flames

“…The experimental work of Lefebvre and colleagues [2][3][4] provides analysis of the effect of nozzle design and flow parameters on important characteristics of the spray such as Sauter mean diameter, droplet size distribution, and cone angle. Theoretical investigations of pressure-swirl nozzles have contributed important formulations for key spray quantities such as Sauter mean diameter [5,6] and initial liquid film thickness within the discharge orifice [6,7] approaches for calculating drop size distributions of generalized sprays have been developed, and their predictive capabilities are thoroughly reviewed by Babinsky and Sojka [8].…”