Modeling endodermal organ development and diseases using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

Pan, Fong Cheng; Evans, Todd; Chen, Shuibing

doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjaa031

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…To address the constraints of in vitro culture systems, one strategy involves the transplantation of organoids into living animals, frequently employing mice as the host. A commonly chosen transplantation site is the kidney capsule, where the host environment supports organoid vascularization, thereby enhancing maturation and functionality [34][35][36]. In the field of neurological diseases, researchers have made significant strides by transplanting brain organoids into the brains of mice, enabling the investigation of complex cellular interactions and disease mechanisms [37].…”

Section: Animal Models As Hosts For Enhancing Organoid Maturation And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain

Boylin,

Aquino,

Purdon

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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Understanding the complexities of the human brain's function in health and disease is a formidable challenge in neuroscience. While traditional models like animals offer valuable insights, they often fall short in accurately mirroring human biology and drug responses. Moreover, recent legislation has underscored the need for more predictive models that more accurately represent human physiology. To address this requirement, human-derived cell cultures have emerged as a crucial alternative for biomedical research. However, traditional static cell culture models lack the dynamic tissue microenvironment that governs human tissue function. Advanced in vitro systems, such as organoids and Microphysiological systems (MPS), bridge this gap by offering more accurate representations of human biology. Organoids, which are three-dimensional miniaturized organ-like structures derived from stem cells, exhibit physiological responses akin to native tissues, but lack essential tissue-specific components such as functional vascular structures and immune cells. Recent endeavors have focused on incorporating endothelial cells and immune cells into organoids to enhance vascularization, maturation, and disease modeling. MPS, including organ-on-chip technologies, integrate diverse cell types and vascularization under dynamic culture conditions, revolutionizing brain research by bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we delve into the evolution of MPS, with a particular focus on highlighting the significance of vascularization in enhancing the viability, functionality, and disease modeling potential of organoids. By examining the interplay of vasculature and neuronal cells within organoids, we can uncover novel therapeutic targets and gain valuable insights into disease mechanisms, offering the promise of significant advancements in neuroscience and improved patient outcomes.

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Section: Animal Models As Hosts For Enhancing Organoid Maturation And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain

Boylin,

Aquino,

Purdon

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, it is important to note that vascular organoids derived from adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are not suitable for developmental biology studies. However, these adipose-derived stromal/stem cell-derived vascular organoids have shown promise and find applications in other specific areas, which have been extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 40 , 52 ].…”

Section: Wide-ranging Applications Of Human Vascular Organoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular organoids: unveiling advantages, applications, challenges, and disease modelling strategies

Naderi-Meshkin,

Cornelius,

Eleftheriadou

et al. 2023

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Understanding mechanisms and manifestations of cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes, on vascular cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, remains elusive partly due to the lack of appropriate disease models. Therefore, here we explore different aspects for the development of advanced 3D in vitro disease models that recapitulate human blood vessel complications using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, which retain the epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic memory of their patient-of-origin. In this review, we highlight the superiority of 3D blood vessel organoids over conventional 2D cell culture systems for vascular research. We outline the key benefits of vascular organoids in both health and disease contexts and discuss the current challenges associated with organoid technology, providing potential solutions. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse applications of vascular organoids and emphasize the importance of incorporating all relevant cellular components in a 3D model to accurately recapitulate vascular pathophysiology. As a specific example, we present a comprehensive overview of diabetic vasculopathy, demonstrating how the interplay of different vascular cell types is critical for the successful modelling of complex disease processes in vitro. Finally, we propose a strategy for creating an organ-specific diabetic vasculopathy model, serving as a valuable template for modelling other types of vascular complications in cardiovascular diseases by incorporating disease-specific stressors and organotypic modifications. Graphical abstract

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“…Studies in gastric cancer PDO models performed in vitro are able to mimic a range of in vivo tumor biological behaviors, such as tumor initiation and progression, transduction of molecular signaling pathways in tumors, development of anti-tumor drugs, and targeted therapy in cancer patients ( 76 ). In addition, PDO models are continuously proliferated and passaged, which can be used for direct detection or cryopreservation ( 15 , 72 ).…”

Section: Alternative Hosts In Gc Patient-derived Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-Derived Xenograft: A More Standard “Avatar” Model in Preclinical Studies of Gastric Cancer

Zeng

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death in humans. The establishment of relevant animal models of gastric cancer is critical for further research. Due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, the commonly used preclinical animal models fail to adequately represent clinically relevant models of gastric cancer. However, patient-derived models are able to replicate as much of the original inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of gastric cancer as possible, reflecting the cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. In addition to implanting patient tissues or primary cells into immunodeficient mouse hosts for culture, the advent of alternative hosts such as humanized mouse hosts, zebrafish hosts, and in vitro culture modalities has also facilitated the advancement of gastric cancer research. This review highlights the current status, characteristics, interfering factors, and applications of patient-derived models that have emerged as more valuable preclinical tools for studying the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.

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Modeling endodermal organ development and diseases using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

Cited by 7 publications

References 94 publications

Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain

Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain

Vascular organoids: unveiling advantages, applications, challenges, and disease modelling strategies

Patient-Derived Xenograft: A More Standard “Avatar” Model in Preclinical Studies of Gastric Cancer

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