Modeling Energy Consumption in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment in North Africa

Skouteris, George; Arnot, Tom; Jraou, Mouna; Feki, Firas; Sayadi, Sami

doi:10.2175/106143013x13736496908672

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The present paper analyses two different cases: i) the use of a conventional activated sludge system in a standard wastewater treatment facility, and ii) the use of a membrane bioreactor to produce treated wastewater suitable for reuse in irrigation. Although membrane bioreactors have only been developed at pilot scale, they have been already experimented with in Africa (Skouteris, 2014) and the technology has been demonstrated to provide a quality of effluent suitable for reuse as irrigation water. Moreover, membrane bioreactors are also characterised by the highest energy requirements, providing the worstcase scenario in terms of energy demand (Krzeminski et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOMER analysis of the water and renewable energy nexus for water-stressed urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa

Brandoni

Bǒsnjaković

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Climate change, population growth and rapidly increasing urbanisation severely threaten water quantity and quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Treating wastewater is necessary to preserve the water bodies; reusing treated wastewater appears a viable option that could help to address future water challenges. In areas already suffering energy poverty, the main barrier to wastewater treatment is the high electricity demand of most facilities. This work aims to assess the benefits of integrating renewable energy technologies to satisfy the energy needs of a wastewater treatment facility based on a conventional activated sludge system, and also considers the case of including a membrane bioreactor so treated wastewater can be reused for irrigation. Using HOMER, a software tool specifically developed for optimal analysis of hybrid micro-generation systems, we identify the optimal combination of renewable energy technologies for these facilities when located in a specific water-stressed area of Sub-Saharan

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOMER analysis of the water and renewable energy nexus for water-stressed urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa

Brandoni

Bǒsnjaković

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as a reliable treatment technology alternative to conventional treatment such as Activated Sludge (Metcalf and Eddy, 2007). The use of membrane technology is increasing in the water industry as a state of art technology for its robustness and capacity to produce high-quality water (Metcalf and Eddy, 2007;Judd, 2017) and other unique advantages such as small spatial footprint and good disinfection capability (Abegglen, 2006;Metcalf and Eddy, 2007;Tadkaew et al, 2007;Skouteris et al, 2014). Earlier MBRs would be used for centralised/large scale applications but now it is being used for decentralised wastewater systems (Tadkaew et al, 2007).…”

Section: Membrane Bioreactor (Mbr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first generation aerobic MBR has specific energy intensity from 4 to 12 kWh/kL but the second generation MBR was known as Submerged MBR (SMBR) introduced in the market in 1989 overcome this high energy requirement. SMBR has specific energy intensity or demand 0.2-4 kWh/kL (Howell et al, 2004;Verrecht et al, 2010;Skouteris et al, 2014).…”

Section: Membrane Bioreactor (Mbr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How scale and technology influence the energy intensity of water recycling systems-An analytical review

Paul

Kenway

Mukheibir

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Many cities are moving towards increased use of recycled water to meet water demand due to freshwater scarcity, population growth, urbanisation and climate change. Water recycling requires substantial energy. Water utilities are facing serious challenges providing cost-effective and reliable water services under rising energy cost. Energy is further linked with global climate change through carbon intensive Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. However, few studies have attempted to understand the energy use of water recycling systems and how energy intensity of those systems varies with scale and technology. In this paper, we undertook a comprehensive and systematic literature and data review to understand the energy intensity of water recycling systems. We used four "cases": (1) Centralised Potable (2) Centralised Non-Potable, (3) Decentralised Potable and (4) Decentralised Non-Potable systems to structure our work. Our analysis demonstrates how energy intensity of water recycling systems decreases with increasing size for a wide range of scale and for different treatment technologies. The treatment energy intensity for centralised systems having capacity less than 5 MLD varies from 0.48 to 2.0 kWh/kL for non-potable and 0.75 to 2.0 kWh/k for potable; for capacities between 5 and 200 MLD varies from 0.2 to 0.9 kWh/kL for potable and from 0.25 to 0.75 kWh/ kL for non-potable; and for any capacity greater than 200 MLD, the treatment energy intensity is less than 0.8 kWh/kL for potable and 0.55 kWh/kL for non-potable systems. But current centralised water recycling systems have a treatment energy intensity from 0.65 to 1.4 kWh/kL for Potable for capacity from 21 to 378 MLD and from 0.6 to 1.0 kWh/kL for non-potable systems for 6 to 350 MLD. In the case of decentralised systems, smaller systems consume higher energy than centralised systems but larger decentralised Systems (mid-size) have lower energy intensity. Though the treatment energy intensity of a centralised system is low, the reuse of treated water for non-potable water requires a dual pipe system which involves a good amount of pumping energy due to the long distance between the treatment plant and the users. Pumping energy, in this case, can vary from 0.19 to 1.43 kWh/kL. The selected treatment technology and train have also influence on the energy use. The present trend of water recycling is to produce high-quality recycled water for all non-potable reuse using Advanced Water Treatment but all non-potable water uses do not necessarily require such high quality water. Little attention has been given to introducing 'fit for purpose' water reuse using appropriate technologies and larger decentralised water recycling systems that have the potential to reduce energy intensity for cost-effective urban water services.

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“…Urban sewage treatment is an energy-intensive industry. The transport and treatment of domestic wastewater imposes a significant energy demand, consuming 3% of the electrical energy supply in the U.S.; values for other countries are 3-5% (Foladori et al, 2015;Gil-Carrera et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2013;Mizuta and Shimada, 2010;Serralta et al, 2002;Skouterisl et al, 2014;Terrazas et al, 2010;Venkatesh and Brattebo, 2011). In 2010, municipal public facilities, including WWTPs, accounted for 1% of China's total energy consumption.…”

Section: Measures For Reducing Consumption and Saving Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of urban wastewater treatment plants in China

Zhang

Yang

Ngo

et al. 2016

Environment International

495

159

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The study reported and analyzed the current state of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in urban China from the perspective of treatment technologies, pollutant removals, operating load and effluent discharge standards. By the end of 2013, 3508 WWTPs have been built in 31 provinces and cities in China with a total treatment capacity of 1.48×10(8)m(3)/d. The uneven population distribution between China's east and west regions has resulted in notably different economic development outcomes. The technologies mostly used in WWTPs are AAO and oxidation ditch, which account for over 50% of the existing WWTPs. According to statistics, the efficiencies of COD and NH3-N removal are good in 656 WWTPs in 70 cities. The overall average COD removal is over 88% with few regional differences. The average removal efficiency of NH3-N is up to 80%. Large differences exist between the operating loads applied in different WWTPs. The average operating loading rate is approximately 83%, and 52% of WWTPs operate at loadings of <80%, treating up to 40% of the wastewater generated. The implementation of discharge standards has been low. Approximately 28% of WWTPs that achieved the Grade I-A Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) were constructed after 2010. The sludge treatment and recycling rates are only 25%, and approximately 15% of wastewater is inefficiently treated. Approximately 60% of WWTPs have capacities of 1×10(4)m(3)/d-5×10(4)m(3)/d. Relatively high energy consumption is required for small-scale processing, and the utilization rate of recycled wastewater is low. The challenges of WWTPs are discussed with the aim of developing rational criteria and appropriate technologies for water recycling. Suggestions regarding potential technical and administrative measures are provided.

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Modeling Energy Consumption in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment in North Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

HOMER analysis of the water and renewable energy nexus for water-stressed urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa

HOMER analysis of the water and renewable energy nexus for water-stressed urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa

How scale and technology influence the energy intensity of water recycling systems-An analytical review

Current status of urban wastewater treatment plants in China

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