Modeling Fate of Pathogenic Organisms in Coastal Waters of Oahu, Hawaii

Connolly, John P.; Blumberg, Alan F.; Quadrini, James D.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:5(398)

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Feeney [6] and Scarlatos [7] modeled the fecal coliform fate and transport in Barrington River Estuary, Rhode Island, and Downloaded by [New York University] at 10:51 01 June 2015 an urban estuarine system in the city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida using DYNHYD-WASP/TOXI framework, respectively. Connolly et al [8] reported modeling pathogenic organisms and indicator microorganisms in the coastal waters of Mamala Bay, Hawaii using ECOM framework on a curvilinear grid system. Cerco et al [9] used CH3D-WES and CE-QUAL-ICM framework to model fecal coliform in the San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Fecal Coliform in the Tidal Basin and Washington Channel, Washington, DC

Bai

Lung

2006

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Fecal coliform are widely used as bacterial indicator in the United States and around the world. Fecal coliform impaired water is highly possible to be polluted by pathogenic bacteria. The Tidal Basin and Washington Channel in Washington, DC are on the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) list due to the high fecal coliform level. To support TMDL development, a three-dimensional numerical model of fecal coliform was developed using the EFDC framework. The model calculates the transport of fecal coliform under the influences of flap gate operations and tidal elevation. The original EFDC code was modified to calculate the die-off of fecal coliform under the impact of temperature and solar radiation intensity. The watershed contribution is expressed as storm water inflow and the load carried by the runoff. Model results show that fecal coliform vary strongly in space in both the Tidal Basin and Washington Channel. The storm water only impacts a small area around the storm water outfall in the Tidal Basin and the impacts are negligible in the Washington Channel due to dilution. The water from the Potomac River may affect the fecal coliform level in the area close to the flap gate in the Tidal Basin. The fecal coliform level in the Washington Channel is mainly controlled by the fecal coliform level in the Anacostia River, which is located at the open boundary of the Washington Channel. The potential sediment layer storage of fecal coliform was analyzed and it was found that the sediment layer fecal coliform level could be much higher than the water column fecal coliform level and becomes a secondary source under high bottom shear stress condition. The developed model built solid connection of fecal coliform source and concentration in the water column and has been used to develop TMDL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Fecal Coliform in the Tidal Basin and Washington Channel, Washington, DC

Bai

Lung

2006

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…Indicator bacteria concentrations may exhibit low correlation to levels of viruses and protozoa in coastal waters (7,26). Using protozoa and viruses, dynamic population-level models of infectious disease transmission have been developed for drinking water as well as selected recreational waters (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). However, a lack of sufficient timeseries data on specific pathogens in our study site precludes the use of these organisms for water-based risk assessment at present.…”

Section: Environmental Medicine | Modeling Bathing Patterns and Gastrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns.

Turbow

Osgood

Jiang

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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We constructed a simulation model to compute the incidences of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) in recreational bathers at two intermittently contaminated beaches of Orange County, California. Assumptions regarding spatial and temporal bathing patterns were used to determine exposure levels over a 31-month study period. Illness rates were calculated by applying previously reported relationships between enterococcus density and HCGI risk to the exposure data. Peak enterococcus concentrations occurred in late winter and early spring, but model results showed that most HCGI cases occurred during summer, attributable to elevated number of exposures. Approximately 99% of the 95,010 illness cases occurred when beaches were open. Model runs were insensitive to 0-10% swimming activity assumed during beach closure days. Comparable illness rates resulted under clustered and uniform bather distribution scenarios. HCGI attack rates were within federal guidelines of tolerable risk when averaged over the study period. However, tolerable risk thresholds were exceeded for 27 total days and periods of at least 6 consecutive days. Illness estimates were sensitive to the functional form and magnitude of the enterococcus density-HCGI relationships. The results of this study contribute to an understanding of recreational health risk in coastal waters.

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“…Connolly et al, (1999) computed the attenuation coefficient at the 10 m isobath in Mamala Bay and found an average decay rate of 0.212 m -1 . UV irradiance is the primary spectral band that causes inactivation (loss of culturability) in bacteria, but makes up less than 10% of the total solar irradiance.…”

Section: Biological Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, a causal correlation between Enterococcus spp. abundance, inferred from extinction culturing, in near-shore waters and episodic rainfall events has been established (Hamilton et al, 1995;Connolly et al, 1999); however, a mechanistic understanding of the specific contribution of the outflow from the Ala Wai Canal is lacking. We aim to examine aperiodic effluent outflows from a small canal into a reef-protected surf zone and determine what controls the fate of the harmful bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the effluence near Waikiki, Hawaii with a coupled biophysical model

Johnson¹,

Powell²,

Steward³

2013

Continental Shelf Research

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Modeling Fate of Pathogenic Organisms in Coastal Waters of Oahu, Hawaii

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Fecal Coliform in the Tidal Basin and Washington Channel, Washington, DC

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Fecal Coliform in the Tidal Basin and Washington Channel, Washington, DC

Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns.

Characterizing the effluence near Waikiki, Hawaii with a coupled biophysical model

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