“…For problems with discontinuities in the primal dependent variable (cracks [29,28,13], fluid-structure interaction [26]), discontinuous functions are added. To handle discontinuities in the dual unknown (multi-materials [41], solidification [16], biofilms [35], multi-phase flow [15], Stokes flow [47]), functions with discontinuous derivatives enhance the standard basis. These additional functions allow to model the discontinuous features without recourse to a conforming mesh, while retaining an exact representation of the discontinuities, to which the mesh need not conform.…”