Modeling Human Blockage at 5G Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Virk, Usman Tahir; Haneda, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2948499

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The BS is assumed to cover 360 • with N antenna beams with 3 dB beam overlap, i.e., 3) assumes that (most of) the power is near the direct line between BS and MS. More accurately, the antenna gain is applied to the multipaths that may arrive/depart at any angle [14]. Additionally, the user effect, e.g., [36][37][38], and polarization of antennas and the radio channel, e.g., [18], are ignored in this study. Nevertheless, the simplistic approximation is assumed, as it allows simple simulations with directive antennas to examine the influence of the noise-limited censored PL.…”

Section: Path Loss and Antenna Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Noise-Limited Censored Path Loss on Model Fitting and Path Loss-Based Positioning

Karttunen

Valkama

Talvitie

2021

Sensors

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Positioning is considered one of the key features in various novel industry verticals in future radio systems. Since path loss (PL) or received signal strength-based measurements are widely available in the majority of wireless standards, PL-based positioning has an important role among positioning technologies. Conventionally, PL-based positioning has two phases—fitting a PL model to training data and positioning based on the link distance estimates. However, in both phases, the maximum measurable PL is limited by measurement noise. Such immeasurable samples are called censored PL data and such noisy data are commonly neglected in both the model fitting and in the positioning phase. In the case of censored PL, the loss is known to be above a known threshold level and that information can be used in model fitting and in the positioning phase. In this paper, we examine and propose how to use censored PL data in PL model-based positioning. Additionally, we demonstrate with several simulations the potential of the proposed approach for considerable improvements in positioning accuracy (23–57%) and improved robustness against PL model fitting errors.

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Section: Path Loss and Antenna Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Noise-Limited Censored Path Loss on Model Fitting and Path Loss-Based Positioning

Karttunen

Valkama

Talvitie

2021

Sensors

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“…Human bodies can also cause link shadowing, especially for above-6 GHz frequencies. Simple physically-motivated models to estimate link blockage loss due to a human body calculates diffracted fields from various shapes of blocking objects [84][85][86]. As many physical objects become electrically large as the carrier frequency is higher, their inclusion into quasi-deterministic channel modeling becomes more essential for a good site-specific coverage study.…”

Section: Improved Models For Wave Scattering and Link Shadowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of Propagation Models for Terrestrial Cellular Systems: A Historical Perspective

Tataria

Haneda

Molisch

et al. 2020

Int J Wireless Inf Networks

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Propagation models constitute a fundamental building block of wireless communications research. Before we build and operate real systems, we must understand the science of radio propagation, and develop channel models that both reflect the important propagation processes and allow a fair comparison of different systems. In the past five decades, wireless systems have gone through five generations, from supporting voice applications to enhanced mobile broadband. To meet the ever increasing data rate demands of wireless systems, frequency bands covering a wide range from 800 MHz to 100 GHz have been allocated for use. The standardization of these systems started in the early/mid 1980s in Europe by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute with the advent of Global System for Mobile Communications. This motivated the development of the first standardized propagation model by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) 207 working group. These standardization activities were continued and expanded for the third, fourth, and fifth generations of COST, as well as by the Third Generation Partnership Project, and the International Telecommnunication Union. This paper presents a historical overview of the standardized propagation models covering first to fifth-generation systems. In particular, we discuss the evolution and standardization of pathloss models, as well as large and small-scale fading parameters for single antenna and multiple antenna systems. Furthermore, we present insights into the progress of deterministic modelling across the five generations of systems, as well as discuss more advanced modelling components needed for the detailed simulations of millimeter-wave channels. A comprehensive bibliography at the end of the paper will aid the interested reader to dig deeper.

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“…Hence, it is necessary to provide an accurate human blockage model for human interactions like reflection and shadowing. In this context, various models have been proposed in the literature to investigate the characteristics of human-body blockage on indoor propagation links [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Mostly, these models physically define a blocking object to estimate the realistic blockage loss by using mathematical formulas based on the diffraction of plane waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most popular models is the perfectly conducting circular cylinder model that is used in human effect investigations [3][4][5], but it is relatively computationally difficult and can be complicated in some cases. Alternatively, absorbing-screen models such as the double knife-edge diffraction (DKED) [7][8][9] and multiple knife-edge diffraction (MKED) models [10][11][12][13][14] are used to define a blocking object. In the DKED model, the diffracted fields from the two vertical sides of an absorbing screen are utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Propagation Model to Characterize the Effects of Multiple Human Bodies Blocking Indoor Short-Range Links at 28 GHz

Dalveren

Karatas²,

Derawi

et al. 2021

Electronics

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This study aims to provide a simple approach to characterize the effects of scattering by human bodies in the vicinity of a short-range indoor link at 28 GHz while the link is fully blocked by another body. In the study, a street canyon propagation characterized by a four-ray model is incorporated to consider the human bodies. For this model, the received signal is assumed to be composed of a direct component that is exposed to shadowing due to a human body blocking the link and a multipath component due to reflections from human bodies around the link. In order to predict the attenuation due to shadowing, the double knife-edge diffraction (DKED) model is employed. Moreover, to predict the attenuation due to multipath, the reflected fields from the human bodies around the link are used. The measurements are compared with the simulations in order to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. The acceptable results achieved in this study suggest that this simple model might work correctly for short-range indoor links at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies.

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Modeling Human Blockage at 5G Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Noise-Limited Censored Path Loss on Model Fitting and Path Loss-Based Positioning

Influence of Noise-Limited Censored Path Loss on Model Fitting and Path Loss-Based Positioning

Standardization of Propagation Models for Terrestrial Cellular Systems: A Historical Perspective

A Simple Propagation Model to Characterize the Effects of Multiple Human Bodies Blocking Indoor Short-Range Links at 28 GHz

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