Modeling Human Volunteers in Multidirectional, Uni-axial Sled Tests Using a Finite Element Human Body Model

Gaewsky, James P; Jones, Derek A.; Ye, Xin; Koya, Bharath; McNamara, K.; Gayzik, F. Scott; Weaver, Ashley A.; Putnam, Jacob B.; Somers, Jeffrey T.; Stitzel, Joel D.

doi:10.1007/s10439-018-02147-3

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several experimental and/or finite element model studies were performed to examine the responses of the occupant in unintended seat positions. 12,22,23 These studies verified the risk of unintended seat positions, but they did not propose means of counteracting these risks for occupant safety. In the development of an active safety system, it is important to ensure occupant safety before braking and/or collision in unintended seat positions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Kang

Kim

Cho

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The pre-active safety seat (PSS) is a recently developed active safety system for securing occupant safety in out-of-seat position (OOSP), which was applied in the Hyundai Genesis G80 in 2020. However, there has not been sufficient quantifiable verification supporting the effectiveness of the PSS. The present study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the PSS for occupant safety in OOSP and to identify areas for additional improvement. Six test conditions were considered to determine the effectiveness of the PSS for augmentation of occupant safety in OOSP. Ten healthy men participated in the tests. Compared with the no PSS condition, maximum head excursion and neck rotation were significantly decreased in the PSS condition by 0.31–0.79-fold and 0.33–0.48-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). The PSS condition in which the seat pan was moved forward to the mid position showed a greater effect in reducing the characteristic motions related to submarining, compared with the condition in which the seat pan was moved rearward to the mid position (p < 0.05). These results suggested that PSS augments occupant safety in OOSP. This study provides valuable insights in ameliorating risks to the occupant in unintended seat positions before braking and/or collision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Kang

Kim

Cho

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The 5 th , 50 th and 95 th anthropometric-percentile simplified occupant models (v2.2) are validated virtual finite-element-model surrogates of the human body (Davis, Koya, Schap, & Gayzik, 2016;Vavalle, Schoell, Weaver, Stitzel, & Gayzik, 2014). The GHBMC has been used for occupant injury biomechanics investigations extensively in the automotive field and is now being employed in studies of spacecraft occupant safety (e.g., (Gaewsky et al, 2019;Ye et al, 2020)). The GHBMC simplified models are designed to be computationally economical, with less than 400,000 elements (362000 for 50 th and 95 th -percentile males, 371000 for 5 th -percentile female.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A greater understanding of susceptibility to injury from spacecraft dynamic loads is required, to advise safer seat, restraint, and cockpit designs. Several experimental and computational studies have been conducted in the past decade to investigate the effects of spacecraft landing loads on occupants' bodies (e.g., Gaewsky et al, 2019;McNamara et al, 2017). Investigations have primarily focused on addressing the dynamic response of significant anatomical sites to either vertical or multidirectional loads such as the head-neck complex (Jones et al, 2019), the spine (Ye et al, 2020) and the pelvis (Bailey, Christopher, Brozoski, & Salzar, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Assessment of Positional Sensitivity to Injury in Spacecraft Occupants

Menon

Ayari

Currie-Gregg

2022

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Spacecraft occupants are susceptible to injury from sudden loads, such as those experienced during landing. Most injury biomechanics investigations assume perfect seated posture and consistent seated position. However, this assumption is unrealistic, as offsets from these presumed postures and placements are likely during impacts. In this computational study, the Global Human Body Model Consortium’s simplified 5thpercentile female and 50th and 95th-percentile male anthropometric models were seated and restrained in three positions: nominal, (“perfect” posture and placement); and 10 millimeters and 25.4 millimeters forward of the seatback. Biodynamic responses to simulations involving vertical accelerations were analyzed for positional sensitivity. The 5th-percentile female was most susceptible to neck injury due to compressive forces. In 50th and 95th-percentile males, upper spinal intervertebral forces were positively correlated to seated position (increasing 13% for 25.4mm forward offset). Analysis of head excursions and knee splay data indicates potential whiplash and the need for conformal seating, respectively.

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“…In the work of Decker et al (2017), the ISO score difference in frontal kinematic response of the M50-O and M50-OS was marginal for head rotational acceleration and <0.1 for linear head and T1 acceleration. The -OS model performed well in omnidirectional impact loading versus volunteer data for the following metrics: head resultant acceleration, sternum X acceleration, and belt forces of the left and right lap and shoulder belts, receiving a fair rating by CORA analysis (Gaewsky et al, 2019). CORA is another objective evaluation method which returns a cross correlation score based on size, shape, phase, and corridor (Gehre et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

Johnson

Koya

Gayzik

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Due to the severity and frequency of cervical spine injuries, the neck injury criterion (Nij) was developed to provide a quantitative relationship between forces and moments of the upper neck with accompanied injury risk. The present study was undertaken to evaluate differences in calculated Nij for the Global Human Body Model Consortium's detailed and simplified average 50th percentile male models. The simplified model is a computationally light version of the more detailed model and therefore it is of interest to achieve similar Nij values between the two models. These models were compared in 15 match paired conditions of rigid head impact and a mixture of seven full body rigid hub and sled pulses, for 44 total simulations. Collectively, Nij values of the simplified model were found to exhibit a second-degree polynomial fit, allowing for a conversion to the prediction of the detailed model. Correlates were also derived for impact and inertial loading cases individually, for which the latter may be the subject of future work. The differences in Nij may be attributed to a variety of modeling approach differences related to neck muscles (attachment location and morphometric implementation), localization of head mass within the M50-OS, head geometry, and intervertebral joint space properties. With a primary focus on configurations in the anterior-posterior direction, there is a potential limitation in extensibility to lateral loading cases. In response to the relatively low Nij values exhibited, future work should evaluate the appropriateness of the established critical intercepts of Nij for computational human body models.

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Modeling Human Volunteers in Multidirectional, Uni-axial Sled Tests Using a Finite Element Human Body Model

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Computational Assessment of Positional Sensitivity to Injury in Spacecraft Occupants

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

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